Isoenzymes of Adenosine Deaminase and Metalloproteinases as Biomarkers in in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer

Abstract

It is estimated that approximately 1% of babies born per year result from in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, and other assisted reproductive technologies. In humans, the exact mechanisms that lead to embryonic attachment to the endometrial epithelium and invasion into the endometrial stroma have not been fully characterized. The aim of the study is to estimate serum total adenosine deaminase and isoenzymes ADAl, ADA2, as well as MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-13 and MIP-la as parameters for pregnancy following IVF-ET. The study group comprised seventeen women who conceived (Group A) and nineteen women aged 21-42 years who did not conceive (Group B) after IVF-ET. Blood samples were collected between 09.00 and 10.00 a.m. during IVF-ET treatment at two different periods. The first blood sample was collected before ET and the second sample 14 days after ET. All serum samples were assayed for the MMP-2, MMP-3 MMP-13 and MIP-la concentrations with ELISA assay. Serum tADA activity was measured by a spectrophotometer using adenosine as the substrate (Method by Giusti). According to our results it was demonstrated that women who successfully conceived after IVF-ET showed significantly lower serum concentrations of ADA1, MMP-2, MMP-3 and higher serum concentration of MMP-13 at 14 days following ET. In conclusion, ADAI may playa protective role at the hemochorial interface. Thus, our results suggest that ADAI may have a modulatory role in the implantation and duration of the pregnancy. In women with successful or unsuccessful pregnancy compared with normal women the levels of ADA and MMPs may be affected by the exogenous hormone therapy according to the protocol of ovarian stimulation during IVF-ET.

ADA activity in the follicular fluid of infertile women with diminished ovarian reserve can act as a predictor of ovarian reserve

“…12 In one another study; it was stated that infertile women who get pregnant after IVF-ET had significantly lower serum concentrations of ADA1, significantly increased levels of serum ADA, monocyte and lymphocyte counts as indicators of activated cellular immunity. 30 Our study has some limitations. Study population was small and ADA enzyme activity could be calculated as ADA1 and ADA2 rather than ADAT.…”

Impact of Immunity in Autism Spectrum Disorders

“…Although many cytokines and their receptors remain unstudied, the major cytokines interleukin-l (IL-l )-a, ILl-~, IL-4, IL-6, IL-lO, IL-ll, IL-13, IL-18, TNF-a, ILl-RA, TGF-~, and CCL2 are all expressed in the healthy CNS (13)(14)(15)(16). Many of these cytokines and their receptors have differential expression patterns across the CNS.…”

Calcium Ionophore A23187 and Compound 48/80 Induce PGD2 and Tryptase in Human Cord Blood-Derived Mast Cells: Lack of Effect of IL-18

“…IL-I consistently induces COX-2 gene expression and prostaglandin synthesis in several cell lines (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Several proinflammatory cytokines and cross-linking of bound IgE by antigen, in mast cells is thought to activate protein tyrosine kinases (Syk and Lyn) which in turn cause activation of a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC-gamma) (14)(15)(16)(17). Calcium and MAP kinases combine to activate the enzyme cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), which initiates in these cells the synthesis of lipid mediators such as PGD2, leukotriene C4, D4 and E4 (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”