Isoenzymes spectrum of genes expression of cattle in different directions of productivity

Abstract

While studying the peculiarities of the species of genetic structure of cattle, depending on the direction of productivity, one can predict, that there may be certain mechanisms that have an intermediate role between the genetically determined polymorphism of biochemical markers and the variability of complexity of the signs of productivity. One of such mechanism may be the variability of the “biochemical phenotype” of different organs – a number of organ-specific isoenzymetric spectra of genetic-biochemical systems. In this regard, in this experiment organ-specific peculiarities of the isoenzyme spectrum of various enzymes in animals of dairy and meat production were considered. For this experiment, samples of meat, and then dairy animals in pairs were placed in the electrophoretic block in the following order: lungs, heart muscle, spleen, skeletal muscle and liver. The features of the organ-specific isoenzyme spectrum of the enzymes of the general intracellular metabolism are breed and species specific. Therefore, a comparative analysis of the organ-specific spectrum of isoenzymes of various genetic-biochemical systems in these studies was performed on a small number of animals (3–5 heads). The features of the isoenzyme spectrum were evaluated by genetically-determined polymorphisms of groups of genetic-biochemical systems. Experiments were carried out on samples of homogenates of organs obtained with the addition of trilon-B. Polymorphism of enzymes was evaluated using a method of electrophoretic protein separation in 13% starch gel in horizontal chambers with subsequent histochemical staining. These searches indicate the presence of pronounced organospecificity of the isoenzyme spectrum of purinucleoside phosphorylase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, and lactate dehydrogenase in cattle. The intraspecific differences of the organ-specific isoenzyme spectrum were revealed. It has been shown that the expression of the genetic and biochemical systems under investigation is significantly different in cattle of dairy and meat production lines in the cardiac and skeletal muscles. The “biochemical phenotype” of the heart muscle and skeletal muscle of dairy cattle is significantly different from the livestock of the meat production direction. Such studies may lead to the identification of characteristic genotypes in a complex of genetic-biochemical systems, which are closely related to the corresponding complex of economic benefits.