“…Furthermore, Basilevs et al [2] and Scott et al [3] have already demonstrated the efficient usage of IGA in conjunction with T-splines technology [4,5]. Shape optimization, in the context of IGA, has been presented in various works as, e.g., in [6,7,8] for the 2D case and in [9] for the 3D case. In these works, the control points are directly used as shape optimization parameters.…”