Isolated cardiac metastasis from plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

Abstract

A 57-year-old male with a history of hypertension presented with shortness of breath, intermittent substernal chest pain, subjective fevers, and a 30-pound weight loss. He was found to have a bladder mass four months prior to presentation, for which he underwent cystoscopy and surgical removal. Pathology demonstrated high-grade superficial plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma extending into the submucosa but not the muscularis propria. Given the superficial nature of his bladder cancer, a cystectomy was deferred. He was subsequently lost to follow-up care. On arrival, physical exam was notable for tachycardia, tachypnea, and distant heart sounds. An ECG showed an incomplete right bundle branch block and sinus tachycardia. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography revealed a three-cm pericardial effusion. Transthoracic echocardiography confirmed this finding and revealed a mass in the right ventricle (RV) extending into the outflow tract and infiltrating the free wall. The RV was dilated with an estimated RV systolic pressure of 37 mmHg. Pericardiocentesis yielded nearly one liter of serosanguinous fluid with non-diagnostic cytology. Partial median sternotomy with biopsy showed pathologic findings consistent with metastatic urothelial carcinoma, plasmacytoid variant. A PET scan showed increased uptake exclusively in the heart. The oncology team discussed options with the patient including chemotherapy and palliative care. The patient decided to withhold further therapy and went home with hospice care. He died two months later.DiscussionBladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men in the United States. Most patients (69%) with metastatic bladder cancer have multiple organs involved; conversely, our patient had a PET scan indicating his disease was localized to the heart. Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma is a rare subtype of bladder cancer, and is estimated to make up less than three percent of all invasive bladder carcinomas. At the time of this publication we are aware of only three other reported instances of isolated cardiac metastasis with urothelial bladder origin; none of which were the plasmacytoid variant.ConclusionThis case highlights a previously unreported presentation of plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma. Clinicians must remember that even superficial cancers can have significant metastatic potential.

Multiple cardiac metastases from urothelial carcinoma case report

“…Shortness of breath was also reported which may have been secondary to tamponade, a compromised cardiac output or lung metastasis. Among these 25 patients, only 2 cases reported fever as one of the presenting symptoms, similar to our case [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma with concurrent plasmacytoid and micropapillary differentiations: A report of two cases with an emphasis on serum carbohydrate antigen 19‐9

“…In the TUR specimen, plasmacytoid UC accounted for a small proportion of the tumor, and there was no evidence of muscularis propria invasion. Extensive surgery may not be necessary in such cases, but non‐muscle‐invasive plasmacytoid UC that developed metastasis associated with a fatal outcome have been reported . Peck et al .…”

“…Extensive surgery may not be necessary in such cases, but non-muscle-invasive plasmacytoid UC that developed metastasis associated with a fatal outcome have been reported. 6,13,14 Peck et al reported on a patient with plasmacytoid UC without muscularis propria invasion diagnosed by TUR, who did not undergo cystectomy and who died 6 months post diagnosis due to cardiac metastasis. 13 Another study documented that two of three cases of plasmacytoid UC without muscularis propria invasion were accompanied by distant metastasis at diagnosis.…”

“…6,13,14 Peck et al reported on a patient with plasmacytoid UC without muscularis propria invasion diagnosed by TUR, who did not undergo cystectomy and who died 6 months post diagnosis due to cardiac metastasis. 13 Another study documented that two of three cases of plasmacytoid UC without muscularis propria invasion were accompanied by distant metastasis at diagnosis. 6 Hayashi et al reported pT1 plasmacytoid UC with synchronous brain metastasis.…”

Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…8 Metastasis often affects adjacent pelvic structures such as the bones, the peritoneum, the gastrointestinal tract, and the scrotum, 3,6,13,14 and even heart distant metastasis have been described. 15 Ricardo-Gonzalez et al evaluated 15 patients with PUC and found this tumor presenting with recurring extension to the peritoneum, often compromising serous surfaces. 16 One of the hypotheses for the aggressiveness of this tumor and its extension pattern is the loss of Ecadherin (a necessary protein for cell to cell adhesion), 6,17 which is absent in most PUCs and can help distinguish it from other types of UCs.…”