Isolating the Age Deficit in Speeded Performance

Salthouse, Timothy A.; Somberg, Benjamin L.

doi:10.1093/geronj/37.1.59

Cited by 168 publications

(95 citation statements)

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“…Thus, weak signals need to be recognized from a great deal of noise, slowing the process of perception and action, even greater when ID increases. 27,29,30 The findings of the present study seem to give support to the notion that older people are more sensitive to changes in ID since the slope values of the young women' s regression lines were smaller than those of the elderly. 3 Additionally, y-intercepts and r 2 values in the older women groups corroborate reported age-related differences in SATO.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…[24][25][26] In addition to the old people' s desire of being perceived as younger than they really are and hence doing the best to be accurate (not fast), aging-related noise contributes to diffuse neuron loss so that the activation of relevant neurons to perform motor tasks is weakened in old people, and, as a result, they tend to take more time to integrate perception and action. [27][28][29][30] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraversion/Introversion and Age-Related Differences in Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff

Meira

Moraes

Moura

et al. 2018

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: Extraversion/introversion and age differences might influence speed-accuracy tradeoff. Objective: The speed-accuracy tradeoff was investigated in extroverted and introverted female children, young adults and older adults. Method: Participants carried out an alternative version of Fitts' task, which involved making alternate clicks with the mouse held in the dominant hand, moving as fast as possible, on two rectangular targets on a computer screen in order to make twelve attempts at six random levels of difficulty (twelve combinations of target widths and distances between targets). Each of the three groups was composed of 16 introverted and 16 extroverted subjects, based upon Brazilian versions of Eysenck's questionnaire. Results: Elderly introverts fell short of the target more often and committed more overall errors than the elderly extroverts. Additionally, compared to their younger adult counterparts, the elderly subjects fell short of the target more often and committed more overall errors, besides taking longer to complete the task with higher levels of difficulty. Conclusion: The findings were interpreted in light of theories designed to explain the main processes underlying extroversion/ introversion and age-related differences. Level of Evidence II; Lesser quality prospective study.Keywords: Introversion/psychology; Personality; Individuality; Motor skills. RESUMO Introdução: Diferenças de extroversão/introversão e idade podem influenciar na troca velocidade-precisão. Objetivo: A troca velocidade-precisão foi investigada em garotas, jovens adultas e idosas extrovertidas e introvertidas. Método: As participantes realizaram uma versão alternativa da tarefa de Fitts, a qual consistia em clicar alternadamente com a mão dominante no mouse, o mais rápido possível, em dois alvos retangulares na tela do computador, a fim de fazer doze tentativas em seis níveis aleatórios de dificuldade (doze combinações de larguras e distâncias entre os alvos). Cada um dos três grupos era composto por 16 introvertidas e 16 extrovertidas, com base nas versões brasileiras do questionário de Eysenck. Resultados: As idosas introvertidas acertaram menos o alvo com mais frequência e cometeram mais erros gerais em comparação às idosas extrovertidas. Ainda, as idosas acertaram menos o alvo com mais frequência e cometeram mais erros gerais, além de demorarem mais tempo para concluírem as tarefas com níveis maiores de dificuldade quando comparadas com as jovens adultas. Conclusão: Os achados foram interpretados com base nas teorias criadas para explicarem os principais processos

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraversion/Introversion and Age-Related Differences in Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff

Meira

Moraes

Moura

et al. 2018

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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“…In another experiment, Zacks and Zacks (1993, Experiment 1) used a forced-choice staircase procedure to determine threshold durations for visual search specifically Salthouse & Somberg (1982) 202.6 1.579 1.000 1.579 Salthouse (1994) 675.6 0.962 .989 0.947 Strayer & Kramer (1994) 259.6 1.522 .976 1.468 to preclude the possibility of age differences in timeaccuracy tradeoffs. Using this procedure, they found that older adults took 1.90 times as long per item as young adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of group differences in processing speed: Brinley plots, Q-Q plots, and other conspiracies

Myerson

Adams

Hale

et al. 2003

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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“…& Somberg, 1982), and a number of recent studies have explored this difference by applying the diffusion model (e.g., Ratcliff, Thapar, Gomez, & McKoon, 2004). This model assumes that evidence accumulates over time until it reaches one of two decision boundaries (e.g., "studied" versus "not studied" in a recognition memory task).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related differences in diffusion model boundary optimality with both trial-limited and time-limited tasks

2011

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In two-choice decision tasks, Starns and Ratcliff (Psychology and Aging 25: 377-390, 2010) showed that older adults are farther from the optimal speed-accuracy trade-off than young adults. They suggested that the age effect resulted from differences in task goals, with young participants focused on balancing speed and accuracy and older participants focused on minimizing errors. We compared speed-accuracy criteria with a standard procedure (blocks that had a fixed numbers of trials) to a condition in which blocks lasted a fixed amount of time and participants were instructed to get as many correct responses as possible within the time limit-a goal that explicitly required balancing speed and accuracy. Fits of the diffusion model showed that criteria differences persisted in the fixed-time condition, suggesting that age differences are not solely based on differences in task goals. Also, both groups produced more conservative criteria in difficult conditions when it would have been optimal to be more liberal.

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Isolating the Age Deficit in Speeded Performance

Cited by 168 publications

References 0 publications

Extraversion/Introversion and Age-Related Differences in Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff

Extraversion/Introversion and Age-Related Differences in Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff

Analysis of group differences in processing speed: Brinley plots, Q-Q plots, and other conspiracies

Age-related differences in diffusion model boundary optimality with both trial-limited and time-limited tasks

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