Isolation and characterization of bovine herpes virus 5 (BoHV5) from cattle in India

Abstract

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV1) and 5 (BoHV5) are genetically and antigenically related alphaherpesviruses. Infection with one virus induces protective immunity against the other. However, disease associated with BoHV1 and BoHV5 varies significantly; whereas BoHV1 infection is usually associated with rhinotracheitis and abortion, BoHV5 causes encephalitis in cattle. BoHV5 outbreaks are sporadic and mainly restricted to the South American countries. We report BoHV5 infection for the first time from aborted cattle in India. Based on the characteristic cytopathic effects in MDBK cells, amplification of the viral genome by PCR, differential PCR for BoHV1/BoHV5, nucleotide sequencing and restriction endonuclease patterns, identity of the virus was confirmed as BoHV5 subtype A. Serum samples from the aborted cattle strongly neutralized both BoHV1 and BoHV5 suggesting an active viral infection in the herd. Upon UL27, UL44 and UL54 gene-based sequence and phylogenetic analysis, the isolated virus clustered with BoHV5 strains and showed highest similarity with the Brazilian BoHV5 strains.

Studies on Growth Characteristics and Cross-Neutralization of Wild-Type and Delta SARS-CoV-2 From Hisar (India)

“…The virus neutralization assay was carried out as per the previously described method with some modifications ( Kumar et al., 2020 ; Kumar et al., 2021 ). Serum samples were initially heated at 56°C for 30 min to inactivate the complement.…”

Complete Genome Sequences of Two Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 5 Subtype C Strains from Southeast Brazil

“…Unlike other bovine herpesviruses, BoHV-5 has a limited geographical distribution; cases have been commonly reported in South American countries, particularly Brazil and Argentina, and sporadically in other continents ( 2 – 9 , 13 ), which makes the origin of BoHV-5 and related outbreaks still a mystery. Previously, one BoHV-5a complete genome sequence ( 7 ) and three complete sequences of BoHV-5b were reported ( 5 ).…”

A Qualitative PCR Assay for the Discrimination of Bubaline Herpesvirus 1, Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and Bovine Herpesvirus 5

“…However, the test does not allow the differentiation between BoHV-5 and BuHV-1, due to the high similarity of the amino acid sequences of their glycoprotein E (97%) [ 12 ]. Moreover, BuHV-1 and BoHV-5 share 92.5% of the genome sequence and present the same nucleotide sequence of the gB gene [ 12 , 20 , 21 ]. Discrimination of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 infections in cattle is also not possible by using commercial tests that detect total antibodies, due to a partial immunological cross-reactivity between these virus strains [ 20 ].…”

“…Moreover, BuHV-1 and BoHV-5 share 92.5% of the genome sequence and present the same nucleotide sequence of the gB gene [ 12 , 20 , 21 ]. Discrimination of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 infections in cattle is also not possible by using commercial tests that detect total antibodies, due to a partial immunological cross-reactivity between these virus strains [ 20 ].…”