Isolation and Characterization of Constituents from the Leaves of Xanthium strumarium and their Evaluation for Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential

Abstract

Fresh and fully grown plants were collected near the roadside and fields of village Jhande Majra Mohali (Pb.

Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology of Xanthium strumarium L.: A Review

“…Triterpenoids are another important kind of biomolecule found in X. strumarium . Nine triterpenoids including betulinic acid ( 46 ), botulin ( 47 ), erythrodiol ( 48 ) [28], lup-20(29)-en-3β-ol ( 49 ) [27], lupenyl acetate ( 50 ) [29], lupeol acetate ( 51 ) [30], β-amyrin ( 52 ), oleanolic acid ( 53 ) [31] and α-amyrin ( 54 ) [32] are reported from this plant. The chemical structures of these sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids isolated from X. strumarium are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.…”

“…Lately, stigmasterol ( 135 ), β-sitosterol-3-O-β -d- glucopyranoside ( 136 ) [31], ergosterol ( 137 ), taraxasteryl acetate ( 138 ) [30], 7α-hydroxy-β-sitosterol(stigmast-5-ene-3β,7α-diol) ( 139 ), stigmast-4-ene-3β,6α-diol ( 140 ) [24] and 14-methyl-12,13-dehydro-sitosterol-heptadeconate ( 141 ) [32] were isolated and identified in X. strumarium . The chemical structures of these steroids isolated from X. strumarium are shown in Figure 7.…”

“…Apart from these major types of phytochemical compounds mentioned above, there are some other chemical ingredients isolated from X. strumarium , including 5-methyluracil ( 167 ), uracil ( 168 ) [39], sibiricumthionol ( 169 ) [19], indole-3-carbaldehyde ( 170 ) [45], N -(1’ -d- deoxyxylitolyl)-6,7-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-2,3-quinoxalinedione ( 171 ) [38], nonadecanoic acid ( 172 ) [39], hexadecanoic acid ( 173 ) [32] (Figure 12).…”

“…In 2015, hexadecanoic acid, α-amyrin and 14-methyl-12,13-dehydro-sitosterol-heptadeconate were isolated from the leaves of X. strumarium , and their antioxidant potential was also evaluated. These three chemical components showed significant antioxidant activity in a dose dependent manner by DPPH and hydroxyl radical assay methods with the IC 50 values of 106.4, 64.16, 76.18 µg/mL and 127.4, 83.96 and 84.4 µg/mL, respectively [32]. A study in 2017 revealed that the EOX displayed notable activity for DPPH radicals with an IC 50 value of 138.87 μg/mL [108].…”

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RAPID REVERSE PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF STIGMASTEROL AND Β-Sitosterol IN EXTRACTS OF VARIOUS PARTS (LEAVES, STEMS, AND ROOTS) OF XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM LINN.

“…Indigenous Chinese applications are as a headache remedy and to assist with cramping and numbness of the limbs, ulcers, and sinus problems. The plant is considered to be useful in treating long-standing cases of malaria and is used as an adulterant for Datura stramonium [1][2][3][4][5].…”