Isolation and Characterization of Glucosinolate-Hydrolysis Enterococcus gallinarum HG001 and Escherichia coli HG002 from C57BL/6 Mouse Microbiota

Microorganisms—An Effective Tool to Intensify the Utilization of Sulforaphane

“…With the development of research on human intestinal enzyme-producing flora, researchers successfully isolated Enterococcus gallinarum HG001 and Escherichia coli HG002, which could synthesize myrosinase from the intestines of C57BL/6 mice [ 69 ]. However, the mechanisms by which intestinal myrosinase produces SFN remain unclear.…”

“…Researchers have isolated microorganisms with myrosinase-synthesizing abilities from the gut flora and nature, but the myrosinase synthesis rates are not high, which results in low SFN utilization [ 69 , 93 ]. With the further development of gene research, targeted gene modification has become the most commonly used method for culturing microorganisms with high myrosinase yields.…”

“…Currently, some microorganisms that can produce exogenous myrosinase were discovered in the gastrointestinal tract and nature. However, the ability of these microorganisms to synthesize myrosinase is weak [ 65 , 69 , 70 ]. Research shows that transformation technology is the best approach to increase myrosinase production [ 94 ].…”

“…Therefore, it is safer and more reliable to obtain strains with high myrosinase synthesis through traditional artificial selection methods. Currently, researchers have isolated some bacterial samples with myrosinase genes that can be stably expressed, and bacterial myrosinase can stably convert glucoraphanin into SFN [ 69 , 72 , 74 ]. By configuring different types of deficient media, researchers conducted screening and optimization studies of microorganisms and obtained microorganisms that can stably express high-yield myrosinases through morphological identification, biochemical identification, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis [ 112 ].…”

“…Although the human gut flora is confirmed to convert glucoraphanin into SFN, the ability of the intestinal flora to produce SFN is low due to limitations in the quantity and ability to synthesize myrosinase. As probiotic or intestinal strains that can produce SFN have been successfully isolated [ 69 , 72 ], transporting microorganisms with high myrosinase synthesis levels into the intestine has become an important approach to improve the ability of the intestinal flora to produce SFN. As the gut environment is complex, microorganisms delivered into the body that have high myrosinase synthesis are easily attacked by gastric acid and bile, which can reduce their survival rates [ 113 ].…”