“…In particular, a rich group of angiosperms expressing many type-1 RIPs is the Phytolaccaceae family [24], where the prototype of type-1 RIPs, pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) from leaves of Phytolacca americana L., was isolated given its pronounced antiviral activity [25]. Since then, many others type-1 RIPs were isolated from Phytolaccaceae species such as Phytolacca dodecandra L'Herit [26], Phytolacca heterotepala H. Walter [27,28], Phytolacca insularis [29] Nakai, and Phytolacca dioica L. [30]. In particular, from seeds and from adult and young leaves of P. dioica plant, three (PD-S1-3; [31,32]), four (PD-L1-4; [33,34]), and two (dioicin 1 and 2; [35][36][37]) type-1 RIPs, respectively, were isolated and extensively characterized.…”