Isolation and Characterization of Microtox®-Active Components From Aircraft De-Icing/Anti-Icing Fluids

Abstract

Abstract-The goal of this project was to isolate and identify individual components from aircraft de-icing/anti-icing fluids (ADAFs) through a toxicity-based bioassay analysis. A Microtox bioassay fractionation scheme was used to isolate a number of active fractions from ADAFs. Active fractions were identified using multiple spectral techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and ultraviolet characterization. The primary Microtox-active fraction was shown to be a mixture of benzotriazole and tolyltriazoles, which are used as corrosion inhibitors in ADAF formulations. The identity of the compounds was confirmed through spectral and Microtox-toxicity analysis and comparison of commercially available standards.

Endocrine disrupting effects of benzotriazole in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) in a sex-dependent manner

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that BT is toxic to luminescent bacteria and aquatic organisms, including plants, daphnia, and fish, with effective concentrations at mg L À1 level (Cancilla et al, 1997(Cancilla et al, , 2003Cornell et al, 2000;Pillard et al, 2001;Kadar et al, 2010;Seeland et al, 2012). For example, the acute (96 h) median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) value for fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) was approximately 65 mg L À1 (Pillard et al, 2001).…”

Kinetics modeling and reaction mechanism of ferrate(VI) oxidation of benzotriazoles

“…The acute toxicity EC 50 or LC 50 of BTs to aquatic organisms (Microtox bacteria, fathead minnow and water flea) are in the range of 0.72e118 mg/L (Cancilla et al, 1997;Pillard et al, 2001). BT has been shown to exhibit antiestrogenic activity in vitro in a yeast assay but not in vivo to fish (Harris et al, 2007).…”

Natural, cost‐effective, and sustainable alternatives for treatment of aircraft deicing fluid waste

“…Benzotriazoles are the most toxic components in the ADF, as demonstrated by Microtox ® studies and tests with fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and water flea (Ceriodaphnia dubia) [15][16][17]. A value of 0.1 mg/L as the maximum permissible concentration of BT in water reservoirs has been suggested [15].…”

“…A value of 0.1 mg/L as the maximum permissible concentration of BT in water reservoirs has been suggested [15]. The toxicity of TT can result in a decrease in the ability of microorganisms to degrade glycol.…”