Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Minisatellites

Bois, Philippe R.J.; Stead, John D.H.; Bakshi, Sharmila; Williamson, Jon; Neumann, Rita; Moghadaszadeh, Behzad; Jeffreys, Alec J.

doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5329

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…The overall frequency of such minisatellites in five mammalian genomes investigated at a significant scale is similar (Amarger et al 1998;Bois et al 1998;Georges et al 1991). The distribution is however very different, with a high bias toward chromosome ends in human and a much lower bias in mouse and rat.…”

Section: Taking Advantage Of the Global View Provided By Large-scale mentioning

confidence: 86%

Minisatellites: Mutability and Genome Architecture

2000

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Minisatellites have been found in association with important features of human genome biology such as gene regulation, chromosomal fragile sites, and imprinting. Our knowledge of minisatellite biology has greatly increased in the past 10 years owing to the identification and careful analysis of human hypermutable minisatellites, experimental models in yeast, and recent in vitro studies of minisatellite recombination properties. In parallel, minisatellites have been put forward as potential biomarkers for the monitoring of genotoxic agents such as ionizing radiation. We summarize and discuss recent observations on minisatellites. In addition we take advantage of recent whole chromosome sequence data releases to provide a unifying view which may facilitate the annotation of tandem repeat sequences.

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Section: Taking Advantage Of the Global View Provided By Large-scale mentioning

confidence: 86%

Minisatellites: Mutability and Genome Architecture

2000

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“…The use of minisatellites detected by DNA fingerprinting in these various species has been largely restricted to studies of population structure and mating patterns, conservation biology, genetic diversity and the development of genetic markers [99][100][101][102]. The systematic isolation of rat, mouse and pig minisatellites showed that authentic human-like minisatellites do exist in non-primate species [101,103,104], with 10 to 60 bp long GC-rich repeat units and the presence of variant repeat sequences interspersed along the repeat array. In humans, about 90% of minisatellites are localised in subtelomeric regions [103].…”

Section: Minisatellites In Non-human Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minisatellite instability and germline mutation

Bois

Jeffreys

1999

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS)

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Tandem-repeat DNA actively turns over in the genome by a variety of poorly understood dynamic mechanisms. Minisatellites, a class of tandem repeats, have been shown to cause disease by influencing gene expression, modifying coding sequences within genes or generating fragile sites. There has been recent rapid progress towards understanding molecular turnover processes at human minisatellites. Instability at GC-rich minisatellites appears to involve distinct mutation processes operating in somatic and germline cells. In the germline, complex conversion-like events occur, probably during meiosis. Repeat turnover appears to be controlled by intense recombinational activity in DNA flanking the repeat array, suggesting that minisatellites might evolve as by-products of localised meiotic recombination in the human genome. In contrast, AT-rich minisatellites appear to evolve by intra-allelic processes such as replication slippage. Curiously, minisatellites in other organisms appear to be more stable than their human counterparts, suggesting species-specific differences in turnover processes. Some yeast models display human-like minisatellite turnover processes at meiosis. However, all attempts to transfer human germline instability to transgenic mice have failed. Finally, tandem repeat instability in various species appears to be extremely sensitive to environmental agents such as radiation via a mechanism which remains enigmatic.

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“…In fact, expanded simple tandem repeat (ESTR) loci were initially categorised as minisatellites, owing to the possession of some similar characteristics. However, subsequent characterisation of the loci has determined that ESTR regions are currently located solely within the mouse genome and are separate to the less hypervariable true minisatellite loci encompassed within the mouse genome (Kelly et al, 1989;Gibbs et al, 1993;Bois et al, 1998aBois et al, , 1998b. As such, to date there is no animal model in which the mutation induction at minisatellites can be appropriately studied, nor is there any such equivalent for a human ESTR model at this time.…”

Section: Hypervariable Tandem Repeat Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although extensively researched in humans (Jeffreys et al, 1985bJeffreys, 1987), DNA fingerprint analysis has shown that they are omnipresent throughout the genome of most organisms and higher eukaryotes (Burke & Bruford, 1987;Jeffreys et al, 1987;Gilbert et al, 1990;Andersen & Nilsson-Tillgren, 1997;Bois et al, 1998a). Shown to exhibit high levels of germline mutation rates (up to 15% per gamete) (Vergnaud et al, 1991), minisatellites have thus been successfully utilised as a tool for monitoring DNA mutation following exposure to environmental doses of mutagenic agents in both human (Dubrova et al, 1996(Dubrova et al, , 1997Kodaira et al, 1995Kodaira et al, , 2004Satoh et al, 1996;Livshits et al, 2001;Kiuru et al, 2003), and animal populations (Yauk & Quinn, 1996;Yauk et al, 2000).…”

Section: Minisatellitesmentioning

confidence: 99%