Isolation and Characterization of Nanocellulose Obtained from Industrial Crop Waste Resources by Using Mild Acid Hydrolysis

Moreno, Galia; Ramirez, Karla; Esquivel, Marianelly; Jiménez, Guillermo

doi:10.7569/jrm.2017.634167

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The biomass generated in pineapple production has been used mainly to extract cellulose nanocrystals. The CNC obtained are by acid hydrolysis and it has been reported that they are extracted from different parts of the pineapple plant such as the crown [22,23], the stem [3], the peel [24] and the leaves [25,26]. Due to the cellulosic availability in pineapple plant, it is important to explore the possibility of producing CNF from this raw material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Nanofibers as Functional Biomaterial from Pineapple Stubbles via TEMPO Oxidation and Mechanical Process

Araya-Chavarría

Rojas

Ramírez-Amador

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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The pineapple fruit when harvested generates a large amount of residual biomass; this biomass can be used to generate value-added products such as cellulose nanofibers. This study was focused on the isolation of CNF from pineapple leaves after oxidation pretreatment with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpireridine-1-oxyl, followed by mechanical deconstruction of the fibers via combination of grinding and microfluidization process. One and two microfluidization passes were applied to bleached and unbleached fibers, respectively. The implications of these findings are that during the production process it is possible to reduce the amount of chemicals needed for bleaching and the energy involved in the mechanical microfluidization process. Such process yielded corresponding fibril lengths and widths in the range of 481–746 nm and 16–48 nm. The respective electrostatic charges, as measured by zeta potentials, were −41 mV and −31 mV. As expected, the CNF crystallinity was higher than that of the starting material, especially for the cellulose. However, the thermal stability was reduced, showing two degradative processes due to the chemical modification of the fibers. The CNF produced from pineapple leaves has a potential to be used like biomaterial in diverse applications while representing a viable alternative to producers, which face serious environmental and health challenges given the large volume of biomass that is otherwise left in the fields as waste. Graphic Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Nanofibers as Functional Biomaterial from Pineapple Stubbles via TEMPO Oxidation and Mechanical Process

Araya-Chavarría

Rojas

Ramírez-Amador

et al. 2021

Waste Biomass Valor

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“…Skema hidrolisis mampu menghilangkan lignin, hemiselulosa, lilin dan minyak yang menutupi permukaan luar dinding sel serat alam [32] [33]. Hidrolisis (kimiawi) dengan kombinasi perlakuan mikrofluidisasi atau ultrasound adalah metode kimia yang umum dipakai untuk mengisolasi fase kristalin [8][34] dalam selulosa karena sederhana dan konsumsi energinya rendah.…”

Section: Perkembanganunclassified

Efek Variasi Konsentrasi NaOH pada Pembentukan Struktur Selulosa Cladophora sp.

et al. 2022

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The effect of NaOH concentration values was observed on the cellulose structure of Cladophora. Cladophora cellulose is synthesized from Cladophora sp., a green alga that lives in aquatic environments (seawater and freshwater) and soil surfaces (rocks and wetlands). Cellulose synthesis is carried out through the processes of bleaching, alkali hydrolysis, and acid hydrolysis. Bleaching uses NaClO2, alkaline hydrolysis uses NaOH with varying concentrations (0.4; 0.5; 0.6; 0.7; 0.8 M), while acid hydrolysis uses 5% HCl. The physical properties of cellulose were analyzed using Fourier Transformation Infra-Red (FTIR) to determine functional groups, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine crystal structure, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the morphology of cellulose structure. FTIR pattern analysis showed peaks with OH group stretching at 3331, 3347, 3360 cm -1 , CH group stretching at around 2929 cm -1 , C = O stretching at 1640-1650 cm -1 , and CH2 flexural stretching at 1420-1430 cm -1 in all samples. XRD pattern analysis confirmed the recovery of Cladophora cellulose from a highly crystalline of sample c (NaOH 0.5 M) with a crystallinity index of 94.0 % and a particle size of 31.54 nm. SEM image analysis showed the surface morphology of Cladophora rod-shaped raw material with an average diameter of 21.30 µm. At the same time, Cladophora cellulose refers to the formation of a web-like nanofibril network with an average diameter of 30.63 nm. These results indicate that the synthesis has successfully removed lignin, hemicellulose, and amorphous group in Cladophora and formed crystalline cellulose confirmed by nano-sized cellulose.

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“…Hemicellulose content was found to influence the mechanical extraction of nano cellulose (Iwamoto et al, 2008), and lignin content influenced the strength and flexibility properties of PLA-LCNF based composites (Wang et al, 2018). Furthermore, the crystalline nature of the lignocellulosic raw material is considered an essential influencing factor in producing nano cellulose crystals (Moreno et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomass with a higher cellulose content potentially produces a higher amount of ethanol (Kikas et al, 2014) since cellulose is the source of glucose, a fermentable reducing sugar. Even though some investigated fermenters tolerate the presence of hemicellulose in bioethanol production (Ji et al, 2012), it must be removed in the preparation of nano cellulose by acid hydrolysis processes (Moreno et al, 2018). Despite its potential, the complex structure of lignocellulosic materials leads to its recalcitrant nature to chemical reaction and biological fermentation (Min et al, 2013;Li et al, 2011) and become the main factor influencing the efficiency of its conversion into bioethanol (Hadar, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soda Pulping of Torch Ginger Stem: Promising Source of Nonwood-Based Cellulose

Zendrato¹,

Devi²,

Masruchin³

et al. 2021

Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

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Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior Jack) is a potential source of lignocellulose material for various derivative products. This study aims to determine the chemical components, ratio of syringyl to guaiacyl units (S/G) in lignin, and crystallinity of the biomass of torch ginger. The effects of soda pulping on the chemical characteristics of torch ginger pulp were also studied. Pulping of the chips was conducted with active alkali of 15%, 20%, and 25% and a Liquor-to-Wood (L/W) ratio of 4:1, 5:1, and 6:1. The impregnation and pulping times at maximum temperature (170℃) were 120 and 90 min, respectively. To assess the effect of treatments on the properties of pulping, a two-factorial experimental design was applied. Results showed that the content of α-cellulose and hemicellulose in the torch ginger was 48.48% and 31.50%, respectively, with an S/G ratio of 0.70 in lignin. Soda pulping changed the crystalline structure of the biomass from triclinic to monoclinic. Active alkali, L/W ratio, and interactions considerably influenced the observed responses. The degree of delignification increased with an increase in the loading of active alkali, which lead to a decrease in the kappa number of the pulp. An active alkali content of 25% and an L/W ratio of 6:1 resulted in the highest delignification selectivity with a kappa number of 2.78 and a yield of 24%. Given its cellulose content and ease of pulping, torch ginger can be a potential raw material for derivative products that require delignification as pretreatment. However, the increase in cellulose crystallinity should be considered when converting torch ginger to bioethanol.

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Isolation and Characterization of Nanocellulose Obtained from Industrial Crop Waste Resources by Using Mild Acid Hydrolysis

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Cellulose Nanofibers as Functional Biomaterial from Pineapple Stubbles via TEMPO Oxidation and Mechanical Process

Cellulose Nanofibers as Functional Biomaterial from Pineapple Stubbles via TEMPO Oxidation and Mechanical Process

Efek Variasi Konsentrasi NaOH pada Pembentukan Struktur Selulosa Cladophora sp.

Soda Pulping of Torch Ginger Stem: Promising Source of Nonwood-Based Cellulose

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