Isolation and characterization of potential probiotic bacteria from pustulose ark (Anadara tuberculosa) suitable for shrimp farming

Abstract

ABSTRACT. In aquaculture, probiotics have been tested for enhancing the immune system and promoting growth and survival rate of many marine species like shrimp and mollusks. In order to isolate bacteria with a high probiotic potential for marine shellfish aquaculture, homogenates of the gastrointestinal tract from adult mangrove cockle, Anadara tuberculosa, were obtained to perform in vitro and in vivo assays. Isolates were tested in vitro for hemolytic activity, hydrophobicity, tolerance to ammonia nitrogen, salinity and pH as well as for growth kinetics, extracellular enzymatic activity, autoaggregation, coaggregation and molecular identification. Three bacteria with high degree of hydrophobicity (>60% adherence to p-xylene) and four bacteria with medium hydrophobicity, which showed different patterns of attachment to monopolar solvents (chloroform and ethyl acetate) and a high tolerance to ammonia nitrogen (200 mg L -1 ), were selected. Six different treatments: T1 (without addition of cultured bacteria); T2 (MAt29, Enterococcus casseliflavus); T3 (MAt35, Citrobacter koseri); T4 (GAtB1, Bacillus subtilis subtilis); T5 (GAt7, Staphylococcus sp.); and T6 (1:1:1:1 mix of strains T2, T3, T4 and T5), were used to evaluate the specific growth rate, and cellular immune response of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The best specific growth rate was observed for T6 and T4 treatments related to Bacillus subtilis subtilis. A significant difference in total hemocytes count (P < 0.05) was found for T4 treatment with respect to control group. Strains isolated from A. tuberculosa had a beneficial effect on the growth and immune response of L. vannamei, so they have potential use as probiotics in aquaculture of marine shellfish. Keywords: Anadara tuberculosa, probiotics, bacilli, immune response, aquaculture.Aislamiento y caracterización de bacterias de la almeja "pata de mula" (Anadara tuberculosa) con potencial probiótico para el cultivo de camarón RESUMEN. En acuicultura, los probióticos han sido utilizados para incrementar respuesta inmune, crecimiento y supervivencia en especies marinas incluyendo camarones y moluscos. Con el propósito de aislar bacterias con un alto potencial probiótico para el cultivo de especies marinas, se obtuvieron homogeneizados del tracto gastrointestinal de adultos de "pata de mula" Anadara tuberculosa para realizar ensayos in vitro e in vivo. Las cepas se evaluaron in vitro para determinar actividad hemolítica, hidrofobicidad, tolerancia a nitrógeno amoniacal, salinidad y pH, cinética de crecimiento, actividad enzimática extracelular, autoagregación y coagregación, y finalmente se identificaron por métodos moleculares. Se seleccionaron siete bacterias; tres con alto grado de hidrofobicidad (>60% de adherencia a p-xileno) y cuatro con hidrofobicidad media, que mostraron diferentes patrones de adhesión a solventes monopolares (cloroformo y acetato de etilo) y alta tolerancia al nitrógeno amoniacal (200 mg L -1 ). Se realizó un ensayo in vivo para evaluar la tasa de crecimiento específico y la res...

Microbial Surface Colonization and Biofilm Development in Marine Environments

“…Although investigations of coaggregation partnerships and their consequences have scarcely been undertaken with marine bacteria (635,636), it is reasonable to hypothesize that coaggregation-based cellcell interactions may play as important a role in marine biofilm formation as in freshwater environments (616,628). According to McCormick et al (628), microbial coaggregation associated with marine particles may help to establish a parsimonious food chain, increasing the energetic potential of metabolites of these resource islands in generally oligotrophic surroundings.…”

Selection of Buffalo Milk Lactic Acid Bacteria With Probiotic Potential

“…According to Sánchez-Ortiz et al [27], 30% is considered low hydrophobicity (adhesion to p-xylene), 30-60% is medium, and 60% is high hydrophobicity. Hydrophobicity percentages can be seen in Fig.…”

Evaluation of growth, feed utilization efficiency and immune parameters in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) fed diets supplemented with or diet fermented with gut bacteriumBacillussp. DDKRC1. isolated from gut of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)

“…Probiotics from terrestrial environment confer many beneficial effects to the fish or shrimp but probiotics isolated from aquatic environment offer little more advantage when used for any aquaculture species (Zorriehzahra Mohammad et al., ). Very few studies were conducted to assess the effect of supplementation of probiotic bacteria isolated from gut of aquatic animal, on performance of shrimp of similar environment (Sánchez‐Ortiz et al., ). A study was conducted to isolate and characterize the potential cellulolytic bacterium from the gut of brackiswater fish and shrimp.…”