Isolation and characterization of primary bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells

Abstract

Bone marrow (BM) contains a rare population of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which have been characterized as nonhematopoietic skeletal progenitor cells with central importance for the hematopoietic microenvironment. Classically, MSCs are isolated by plastic adherence and subsequent culture. However, as cultured stromal cells differ from their in vivo progenitors, it is important to identify the phenotype of the primary MSCs to study these cells in more detail. In the past years, several surface markers have been reported to be suitable for effective enrichment of BM-MSCs, and recent data indicate that the putative MSC stem/progenitor cell population in human adult BM is highly enriched in Lin − CD45 − CD271 + CD140a (PDGFR␣) low/− cells. Moreover, surface marker combinations have been described for the isolation of MSCs from murine BM. On the basis of these findings, the role of primary MSCs can now be studied in normal and, importantly, diseased BM. Furthermore, genetically engineered mouse models have been developed as powerful tools to investigate well-defined BM stromal cell populations in vivo. Our discussion aims to provide a concise overview of the current state of the art in BM-MSC isolation in humans and briefly present murine MSC isolation approaches and genetic models.

Expression of pluripotency‐related genes is highly dependent on trichostatin A‐assisted epigenomic modulation of porcine mesenchymal stem cells analysed for apoptosis and subsequently used for generating cloned embryos

“…It is beyond any doubt that there are ongoing intensive experiments including clinical trials on utility of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. MSCs are promising because they are highly proliferative, undifferentiated cells with the potential to expand extensively and differentiate into several cell lineages (Ando et al, ; Busser et al, ; Li, Ghazanfari, Zacharaki, Lim, & Scheding, ).…”

Intra-discal injection of autologous, hypoxic cultured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in five patients with chronic lower back pain: a long-term safety and feasibility study

“…Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stem cells that have extensive proliferative capacity and multi-lineage potential. They arise from progenitor cell reservoirs and have been isolated from various tissues, including bone marrow [16], muscle [17], and adipose tissue [18, 19]. MSCs isolated from various tissues share common characteristics, including the ability to: (1) form fibroblastic like colonies; (2) proliferate extensively; (3) be directionally differentiated into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes; and (4) express several common cell surface markers.…”

Nanotopography Induced Human Bone Marrow Mesangiogenic Progenitor Cells (MPCs) to Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) Transition

“…Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the effects exerted by the nanostructured surfaces on MPCs can more strongly affect implant osteointegration than those on very small cell populations such us “skeletal stem cells” (SSCs) (Bianco and Robey, 2015) or CD271 + CD140 low/− (Li et al, 2016), today considered the bona fide ancestors of BM-MSCs in vivo . Our results indicate that nanogratings can promote MPC to MSC transition, suggesting an in vivo scenario in which osteointegration is possibly promoted following MPC to MSC transition and nanograting-driven MSC osteogenic differentiation.…”