Isolation and Characterization of Wax Esters in Fennel and Caraway Seed Oils by SPE-GC

Reiter, Birgit; Lechner, Marion; Lorbeer, Eberhard; Aichholz, Reiner

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-4168(19990901)22:9<514::aid-jhrc514>3.3.co;2-z

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…by means of column LC on silica gel (e.g. [2]), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), solid-phase extraction (SPE) [3,4], or high-performance LC (HPLC) [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wax ester fraction of edible oils: Analysis by on‐line LC‐GC‐MS and GC×GC‐FID

Biedermann¹,

Haase‐Aschoff²,

Grob³

2008

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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The wax ester fraction of various plant oils was isolated by normal-phase HPLC (NPLC) on-line coupled to GC via the on-column interface and applying concurrent eluent evaporation. The esters were analyzed by on-line NPLC-GC-MS and by comprehensive two-dimensional GC with flame ionization detection (GC6GC-FID) off-line combined with NPLC-GC. GC6GC-FID enables to group the various classes of wax esters, in particular the phytol esters, geranylgeraniol esters and the straight-chain esters of palmitic acids and the unsaturated C 18 acids. Optimization of the GC6GC columns and the conditions must take into account the limited thermostability of the diterpene esters. Chromatograms are shown for a range of oils, with particular focus on the various classes of wax esters in olive oil and the geranylgeraniol esters 22:0 and 24:0 in a variety of oils.

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“…by means of column LC on silica gel (e.g. [2]), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), solid-phase extraction (SPE) [3,4], or high-performance LC (HPLC) [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wax ester fraction of edible oils: Analysis by on‐line LC‐GC‐MS and GC×GC‐FID

Biedermann¹,

Haase‐Aschoff²,

Grob³

2008

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…The isolation of WE in vegetable oils has been performed by on-line high-performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography (HPLC-GC) (3)(4)(5)(6), by column chromatography (7), by HPLC (8,9), and, recently, by solid-phase extraction (SPE) (10,11) with subsequent capillary GC analysis. None of these techniques requires saponification of the WE fraction.…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of the wax ester fraction of olive oil and sunflower oil by gas chromatography and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

Reiter¹,

Lorbeer²

2001

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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The wax ester fractions of solvent-extracted sunflower oil and "extra virgin" olive oil were obtained by solidphase extraction and subsequently subjected to gas-chromatographic and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. The comprehensive qualitative analysis of these fractions, which was carried out by the interpretation of mass spectral data, revealed several types of wax esters. In olive oil, shortchain, even-numbered wax esters, saturated and unsaturated long-chain, even-numbered wax esters, benzyl esters, and the diterpenic esters phytyl and geranylgeranyl ester (the latter as a minor component) are present. With the exception of benzyl esters, all these esters occur in sunflower oil as well, but in considerably different amounts compared to those in olive oil. Whereas unsaturated wax esters are present in a negligible amount, diterpenic esters, mainly geranylgeranyl esters, represent the major part of the wax ester fraction.Paper no. J9809 in JAOCS 78, 881-888 (September 2001) Wax esters (WE) are part of the unsaponifiable matter in vegetable oils and are of interest to the oil-processing industry for various reasons. The WE content is used as a quality parameter for high-quality oils such as cold-pressed "extra virgin" olive oils (1). For instance, the European Union Regulation No. 183/93 requires the quantitation of WE in olive oils, because solvent-extracted olive oils contain a considerably higher amount of waxes than oils obtained by cold pressing (2). In addition, typical WE patterns or specific WE enable the recognition of adulteration of high-quality oils with cheaper oils, for example, the addition of sunflower oil to olive oil (3). The isolation of WE in vegetable oils has been performed by on-line high-performance liquid chromatography-gas chromatography (HPLC-GC) (3-6), by column chromatography (7), by HPLC (8,9), and, recently, by solid-phase extraction (SPE) (10,11) with subsequent capillary GC analysis. None of these techniques requires saponification of the WE fraction. Therefore, WE can be determined without any alteration of their structure. These analytical methods allow isolation and quantitation of WE according to their number of carbon atoms and their degree of unsaturation, but a complete qualitative analysis as well as elucidation of isomeric constitution can only be carried out by mass spectrometric (MS) methods.WE in olive and sunflower oils are of particular interest, as already mentioned, but there is a lack of data concerning their detailed structures and their isomeric composition. In the case of olive oil, a GC-MS analysis of WE in extracted olive oil published by Bianchi et al. (12) revealed the presence of esters with alcohols (AL) in the range of AL 1-AL 6, esters of oleic acid with long-chain aliphatic alcohols AL 22-AL 38, and benzyl alcohol esters of the long-chain saturated fatty acids (FA) FA 26 and FA 28.The composition of sunflower WE has been determined only by the analysis of hydrolysis products. WE were hydrolyzed, and fatty acids and alcohols were an...

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“…The wax esters fraction was analyzed by GC-MS using EI, according to the method proposed by Reiter et al [25]. This rapid method allows to analyze the composition of a wax in its natural state and to obtain a reliable and complete profile of wax esters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mumijo Traditional Medicine: Fossil Deposits from Antarctica (Chemical Composition and Beneficial Bioactivity)

Aiello

Fattorusso

Menna

et al. 2011

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Mumijo is a widely used traditional medicine, especially in Russia, Altai Mountains, Mongolia, Iran Kasachstan and in Kirgistan. Mumijo preparations have been successfully used for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases; they display immune-stimulating and antiallergic activity as well. In the present study, we investigate the chemical composition and the biomedical potential of a Mumijo(-related) product collected from the Antarctica. The yellow material originates from the snow petrels, Pagodroma nivea. Extensive purification and chemical analysis revealed that the fossil samples are a mixture of glycerol derivatives. In vitro experiments showed that the Mumijo extract caused in cortical neurons a strong neuroprotective effect against the apoptosis-inducing amyloid peptide fragment β-fragment 25–35 (Aβ25–35). In addition, the fraction rich in glycerol ethers/wax esters displayed a significant growth-promoting activity in permanent neuronal PC12 cells. It is concluded that this new Mumijo preparation has distinct and marked neuroprotective activity, very likely due to the content of glycerol ether derivatives.

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Isolation and Characterization of Wax Esters in Fennel and Caraway Seed Oils by SPE-GC

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Wax ester fraction of edible oils: Analysis by on‐line LC‐GC‐MS and GC×GC‐FID

Wax ester fraction of edible oils: Analysis by on‐line LC‐GC‐MS and GC×GC‐FID

Analysis of the wax ester fraction of olive oil and sunflower oil by gas chromatography and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

Mumijo Traditional Medicine: Fossil Deposits from Antarctica (Chemical Composition and Beneficial Bioactivity)

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