Isolation and characterization of Xenopus laevis aldolase B cDNA and expression patterns of aldolase A, B and C genes in adult tissues, oocytes and embryos of Xenopus laevis

Kajita, Eri; Wakiyama, Motoaki; Miura, Kin‐ichiro; Mizumoto, Kiyohisa; Oka, Tôru; Komuro, Issei; Miyata, Takashi; Yatsuki, Hitomi; Hori, Katsuji; Shiokawa, K.

doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00169-x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The level was maintained until the midblastula stage (stage 8), and started to decrease (at stage 10), reached the minimum level (at stage 12), then increased toward the late neurula stage (stage 22). This time-course of the changing level of caspase-9 mRNA was just as those observed with other maternal mRNAs such as aldolase A and C mRNAs [75]. On the other hand, mRNA for caspase-1 was detected only after embryos developed to the late gastrula stage (stage 12), and the level increased thereafter toward the late neurula stage (stage 22).…”

Section: Maternal Nature Of Caspase-9 In Xenopus Embryossupporting

confidence: 73%

Maternally-preset program of apoptosis and caspases involved in execution of the apoptosis at midblastula transition (MBT) but not before in Xenopus laevis embryogenesis

Shiokawa¹

2012

ABB

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To study gene control mechanisms in Xenopus embryos, we analyzed polyamines, cloned SAMDC (S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase), a key enzyme of polyamine metabolism, and microinjected its mRNA into Xenopus fertilized eggs. The microinjection induced a large increase in SAMDC activity, exhaustion of the substrate SAM (S-adenosylmethionine), and execution of apoptosis at the stage called midblastula transition (MBT). By tracing GFP (green fluorescence protein)-marked apoptotic cells, we reached a conclusion that the apoptosis provides pre-blastula embryos with a fail-safe mechanism of early development. We analyzed caspase mRNAs and found that caspase-9 and -3 mRNAs are maternal mRNA and activation of caspase-9 is one of the key steps for the execution of the apoptosis. We also found that over- expression of caspase-8, and in addition p53, a tumor suppressor protein, also induces apoptosis at MBT, just like the overexpression of SAMDC and caspase-9 does. The apoptosis induced by p53 was suppressed by Xdm-2, a negative regulator of p53, and by a peptide inhibitor and a dominant-negative type mutant of caspase-9, but not by those of caspase-8. By contrast, apoptosis induced by SAMDC was suppressed by peptide inhibitors and dominant-negative mutants of both caspase-9 and caspase-8, but not by Xdm-2. Unlike caspase-9 mRNA, caspase-8 mRNA was not a maternal mRNA, but newly expressed during cleavage stage (pre-MBT stage) only in embryos overexpressed with SAMDC. In SAMDC-induced apoptotic embryos activities to process procaspase-8 and procaspase-9 appeared, whereas in p53-induced apoptotic embryos only activity to process procaspase-9 appeared. Thus, Xenopus embryos have at least two pathways to execute the maternal program of apoptosis: One induced by SAMDC overexpression through activation of caspase-9 and do novo expression of caspase-8 gene, and the other induced by p53 overexpression through activation of caspase-9 but not caspase-8. In Xenopus embryos, it has long been believed that zygotic genes are silent until MBT, but results obtained with caspase-8 may provide a novel example of gene expression before MBT

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Section: Maternal Nature Of Caspase-9 In Xenopus Embryossupporting

confidence: 73%

Maternally-preset program of apoptosis and caspases involved in execution of the apoptosis at midblastula transition (MBT) but not before in Xenopus laevis embryogenesis

Shiokawa¹

2012

ABB

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“…), in birds [43,63,74], and in every species of mammal yet investigated. In contrast, no anti-zebrin II immunoreactivity has been identified in Purkinje cells in amphibia (e.g., Rana, Xenopus [87]: although aldolase C is present, e.g., [45]). In turtles, all Purkinje cells are zebrin IIimmunoreactive (e.g., Pseudemys [87]), but stripes can be revealed by other means (e.g., [12,48]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

On the Architecture of the Posterior Zone of the Cerebellum

Marzban

Hawkes

2010

Cerebellum

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The mammalian cerebellum is histologically uniform. However, underlying the simple laminar architecture is a complex arrangement of parasagittal stripes and transverse zones that can be revealed by the expression of many molecules, in particular, zebrin II/aldolase C. By using a combination of Purkinje cell antigenic markers and afferent tracing, four transverse zones have been identified: in mouse, these are the anterior zone (∼lobules I-V), the central zone (∼lobules VI-VII), the posterior zone (PZ: ∼lobules VIII-dorsal IX), and the nodular zone (∼ventral lobule IX + lobule X). A fifth transverse zone-the lingular zone (∼lobule I)-is found in birds and bats. Within the anterior and posterior zones, parasagittal stripes of Purkinje cells expressing zebrin II alternate with those that do not. To explore this model further and to broaden our understanding of the evolution of cerebellar patterning, stripes in the PZ have been compared in multiple mammalian species. We conclude that a posterior zone with a conserved stripe organization is a common feature of the mammalian and avian cerebellar vermis and that zonal boundaries are independent of cerebellar lobulation.

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“…In oocytes and early embryos that have a high rate of glycolysis, aldolase A and C mRNA are abundant. In contrast, aldolase B, adapted to dietary fructose metabolism and gluconeogenesis, occurs only at a residual level [Kajita et al, 2000]. The reduction in Aldob expression in tumors suggests an adjustment towards high glycolytic activity.…”

Section: Functions or Pathways That Are Altered In Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apc^Min^/+ mouse model of colon cancer: Gene expression profiling in tumors

Leclerc

Deng

Trasler

et al. 2004

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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The Apc(Min/+) mouse is a popular animal model for studies of human colon cancer, but the molecular changes associated with neoplasia in this system have only been partially characterized. Our aim was to identify novel genes involved in tumorigenesis in this model. RNA from intestinal adenomas and from pre-neoplastic small intestine were prepared from six Apc(Min/+) mice. The tumor transcriptomes were analyzed with high-density oligonucleotide microarrays representing approximately 12,000 probe sets; we compared their profiles with those of matched pre-neoplastic intestine. Stringent analysis revealed reproducible changes for 98 probe sets representing 90 genes, including novel observations regarding 50 genes whose involvement in this mouse model has never been reported. In addition to the expected changes in growth regulatory genes, the altered gene products could be assigned to four functional groupings that should enhance tumorigenesis: metabolic changes that would result in a high rate of glycolysis, alterations in enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species or carcinogen metabolism, cytoskeletal elements, and proteins involved in tumor invasion or angiogenesis. A fifth group consisted of expression changes that might restrict tumor progression, suggesting that the adenomatous state reflects a balance of pro- and anti-tumorigenic factors. Since many of the altered genes had not previously been reported to be involved in any tumorigenic processes, our observations provide a host of new candidates for potential modulation to prevent or treat intestinal neoplasia.

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Isolation and characterization of Xenopus laevis aldolase B cDNA and expression patterns of aldolase A, B and C genes in adult tissues, oocytes and embryos of Xenopus laevis

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Maternally-preset program of apoptosis and caspases involved in execution of the apoptosis at midblastula transition (MBT) but not before in <i>Xenopus laevis</i> embryogenesis

Maternally-preset program of apoptosis and caspases involved in execution of the apoptosis at midblastula transition (MBT) but not before in <i>Xenopus laevis</i> embryogenesis

On the Architecture of the Posterior Zone of the Cerebellum

Apc^Min^/+ mouse model of colon cancer: Gene expression profiling in tumors

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Isolation and characterization of Xenopus laevis aldolase B cDNA and expression patterns of aldolase A, B and C genes in adult tissues, oocytes and embryos of Xenopus laevis

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Maternally-preset program of apoptosis and caspases involved in execution of the apoptosis at midblastula transition (MBT) but not before in &lt;i&gt;Xenopus laevis&lt;/i&gt; embryogenesis

Maternally-preset program of apoptosis and caspases involved in execution of the apoptosis at midblastula transition (MBT) but not before in &lt;i&gt;Xenopus laevis&lt;/i&gt; embryogenesis

On the Architecture of the Posterior Zone of the Cerebellum

ApcMin/+ mouse model of colon cancer: Gene expression profiling in tumors

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Product

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Maternally-preset program of apoptosis and caspases involved in execution of the apoptosis at midblastula transition (MBT) but not before in <i>Xenopus laevis</i> embryogenesis

Maternally-preset program of apoptosis and caspases involved in execution of the apoptosis at midblastula transition (MBT) but not before in <i>Xenopus laevis</i> embryogenesis

Apc^Min^/+ mouse model of colon cancer: Gene expression profiling in tumors