Isolation and chemical characterization of water-soluble arabinoxylans in rye grain

Bengtsson, Staffan; Åman, Per

doi:10.1016/0144-8617(90)90068-4

Cited by 141 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is noteworthy that greater WEV values of rye hybrids were a result of more viscous arabinoxylans rather than a greater content of SAX as suggested by the higher ratio of WEV to SAX content in such varieties. This may indicate differences in the structure of soluble arabinoxylans, associated with differences in physicochemical properties and, in turn, with the nutritive value of rye (Bengtsson et al, 1990;Girhammar and Nair, 1992;Vinkx et al, 1993Vinkx et al, , 1995Vinkx and Delcour, 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of water extract viscosity and exogenous enzymes on nutritive value of rye hybrids in broiler diets

Boros

Bedford²

1999

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Broiler chickens were fed diets based on four hybrids of rye varying in viscosity of grain water extract (WEV). These diets were prepared with or without arabinoxylan degrading enzymes to study the effect of grain viscosity and xylanase and arabinosidase supplementation on growth rate and feed efficiency, metabolisable energy (AMEn), apparent retention of protein (APR) and digestibility of arabinoxylans in young broiler chickens. A wheat-based diet was used as a control. Elimination of the detrimental effect of soluble arabinoxylans (SAX) by the addition of both enzymes significantly improved the feed intake, weight gain and feed to gain ratio, on average by 30, 57, and 21%, respectively, as compared with the results of birds fed the corresponding unsupplemented diets. These improvements were achieved as a result of improvement in AMEn, APR, and digestibility of soluble and total arabinoxylans by 5, 8,45 and 34%, respectively. In general, the poorer the nutritive value of the tested rye, the greater the benefit following enzyme supplementation. The results of this study showed that it is possible to improve the nutritive value of rye for broiler chickens by selection and breeding of rye varieties with a lower WEV and SAX content together with the appropriate choice of feed enzymes that can hydrolyse and thus lower the viscosity of gut digesta and increase retention of nutrients. INTRODUCTIONRye is rich in soluble arabinoxylans that are highly viscous and have significant water holding properties. Since high viscosity of arabinoxylans affects the digestion and absorption of all nutrients, rye is not habitually used as a cereal component in broiler diets. The beneficial effect of pentosanase (xylanase) addition on growth rate and feed efficiency of broiler chickens fed diets containing rye is well documented. However, the performance of chickens fed xylanase-supplemented rye-based diets is still not satisfactory as compared with chickens fed corresponding wheat-or barley-enzyme-supplemented diets (Bedford et al., 1991(Bedford et al., , 1995 Friesen et al, 1991;Boros et al., 1995). These results might suggest that the enzymes used in these studies were not able to sufficiently hydrolyse the arabinoxylans in rye and eliminate their viscosity and associated capacity to absorb water. It is worth mentioning that perhaps the arabinose side chains in rye are more apparent than in wheat and thus responsible for reducing the efficacy of xylanase, which may explain why xylanase addition has not allowed rye to compete with wheat. Additionally, this also indicates that in the case of a rye diet a broader spectrum of exogenous enzymes, possibly including arabinofuranosidases, is needed to alleviate the detrimental effect of rye arabinoxylans.Moreover, genotype and environment have been shown to influence the concentration and quality of arabinoxylans in rye and also the efficacy of the pentosanases used (Madej et al., 1990;Campbell et al., 1991;Bengtsson et al., 1992). It has also recently been found that WEV correlat...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of water extract viscosity and exogenous enzymes on nutritive value of rye hybrids in broiler diets

Boros

Bedford²

1999

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In animal feed, high amounts of soluble arabinoxylans from rye reduce nutrient absorption and rate of growth in chickens (Antoniou et ,a1 1981 ;Fengler and Marquardt 1988;Pettersson and Aman 1989) possibly due to their capability to form high!y viscous s?lutions. In previous studies (Bengtsson and Aman 1990 soluble arabinoxylans from one Swedish rye cultivar consist of two different types of polysaccharides or different regions of the same macromolecule. One of these structural features (arabinoxylan I) contains a main chain of 4-linked P-D-xylopyranosyl residues of which about 50 O/ O are substituted at 0 -3 with terminal a-L-arabinofuranosyl residues (Fig 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content, structure and viscosity of soluble arabinoxylans in rye grain from several countries

et al. 1992

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rye grains from Finland, Canada, Sweden and Poland were extracted, during starch hydrolysis, with sodium acetate buffer at 95°C and soluble polymers were isolated by ethanol precipitation. The amount of sugar residues in the isolated polymers varied from 2.3 to 4.1 % of rye dry matter with arabinose xylose and glucose residues predominant. High-field 'H-NMR analysis revealed that arabinoxylan I, containing terminal arabinose and un-and mono-substituted xylose residues, and arabinoxylan 11, containing terminal arabinose and un-and double-substituted xylose residues, together with mixed-linked (1 +-3), (1 +4)-p-Dglucans, were the dominating features in all samples of soluble polymers. On average, 46 % of the xylose residues in arabinoxylan I and 57 ?LO in arabinoxylan I1 were substituted and the degree of substitution in the respective polymers was similar for all samples. The average content of arabinoxylan I ranged from 1.4% in samples from Canada to 1.7 YO in the Swedish samples and that of arabinoxylan I1 from 0.6 YO in samples from Poland to 1.0 % in the Canadian samples.The viscosity of the soluble polymers was measured at a shear rate of 100 s-'. It was shown by partial least-squares regression that in these samples the content of structural units characteristic of arabinoxylan I1 had a stronger correlation to viscosity than those of arabinoxylan I.

show abstract

“…12 In addition, rye cell wall material also contains 25-26 g kg À1 cellulose 11 and 11-30 g kg À1 Klason lignin. 14,16,25 The storage oligo-or polysaccharide fructan is found in relatively high amounts in rye grain. Bach Knudsen 12 measured a fructan content of 31 g kg À1 dm in rye compared with 15 g kg À1 dm in wheat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of genotype and harvest year on content and composition of dietary fibre in rye (Secale cereale L) grain

Hansen

Rasmussen

Knudsen³

et al. 2002

J Sci Food Agric

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to measure the variation in dietary fibre (DF) content and composition among different rye varieties grown in the same location in three successive years and to estimate the contributions of genotype and harvest year to this variation. The study included grain from 19 different varieties of rye, of which seven varieties were analysed in all three years. The content of total DF in all samples ranged from 147 to 209 g kg À1 dry matter (dm), with 34-66 g kg À1 being waterextractable (WE) DF and 108-159 g kg À1 being water-unextractable (WUE) DF. The main DF component was arabinoxylan (AX) with a content of 80-121 g kg À1 dm, of which 26-41 g kg À1 dm was WE AX. The ratio of arabinose to xylose (ara/xyl) of total AX ranged from 0.59 to 0.69. The content of b-glucan was 13-22 g kg À1 dm and that of fructan was 45-64 g kg À1 dm. Analysis of the data from seven varieties and three harvest years showed a highly significant influence of harvest year on most DF components. Significant genotype effects were found for the contents of total DF, total AX, b-glucan and fructan and for the ara/xyl ratio of total and WUE AX. Estimation of variance components showed that yearly variations in the contents of total DF, total AX, WUE DF, WUE AX and b-glucan were generally higher (27-55% of total variance) than genotype effects (14-19%). The ara/xyl ratio of total and WUE AX showed a high influence of genotype (46 and 43% respectively). Non-adapted rye varieties with small kernel size had the highest contents of total DF and total AX. The content of b-glucan was positively correlated with kernel weight (r = 0.68), whereas no overall correlation was found between kernel size and the content of DF. As a conclusion, the variation in DF content and composition in this study was significantly influenced by both harvest year and rye genotype.

show abstract

Isolation and chemical characterization of water-soluble arabinoxylans in rye grain

Cited by 141 publications

References 20 publications

Influence of water extract viscosity and exogenous enzymes on nutritive value of rye hybrids in broiler diets

Influence of water extract viscosity and exogenous enzymes on nutritive value of rye hybrids in broiler diets

Content, structure and viscosity of soluble arabinoxylans in rye grain from several countries

Effects of genotype and harvest year on content and composition of dietary fibre in rye (Secale cereale L) grain

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About