Isolation and Identification of an Enterobacter cloacae Strain Producing a Novel Subtype of Shiga Toxin Type 1

Abstract

We describe here the isolation and identification of a Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1)-producing Enterobacter cloacae strain, M12X01451, from a human clinical specimen. The bacterial isolate was identified as E. cloacae using a polyphasic approach that included phenotypic, genetic, and proteomic analyses. The M12X01451 stx 1 was sequenced, and the holotoxin was found to share only 87% amino acid sequence identity with the nearest Stx1 subtype reference sequence. Sequence analysis of the regions immediately flanking stx 1 displayed similarities with bacteriophage-related sequences, suggesting a prophage origin. The

Recent Outbreaks of Shigellosis in California Caused by Two Distinct Populations of Shigella sonnei with either Increased Virulence or Fluoroquinolone Resistance

“…PCR detection of the stx 1 and stx 2 genes and Vero cell neutralization assay for confirmation of STX production were performed as previously described (49). A map with geographical distribution of the locations of origin of the isolates is shown in Fig.…”

Virulence Potential of Activatable Shiga Toxin 2d-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Fresh Produce

“…There are three established Stx1 subtypes, Stx1a (the prototype), Stx1c, and Stx1d (28). A newly described subtype, Stx1e, was recently found in an Enterobacter cloacae strain that caused watery diarrhea (26). There are seven Stx2 subtypes, Stx2a (the prototype), Stx2b, Stx2c, Stx2d, Stx2e, Stx2f, and Stx2g (28).…”

Contaminated Stream Water as Source for Escherichia coli O157 Illness in Children

“…Throughout the study period, all water samples exceeded recreational water quality limits for E. coli and enterococci levels ( 2 ). Water samples were also cultured for STEC isolation and PCR detection of stx 1 and stx 2 ( 3 ). Stx1- and Stx2-producing E. coli O157 were isolated from stream water each week for the first 4 weeks.…”