“…Kaempferol (3,4 0 ,5,7-tetrahydroxyavone, KF), a avonol, has been isolated from a number of natural sources, including strawberries, 18 Ginkgo biloba leaves (EGb 761), 19 Pu-erh tea, 20 paprika, 21 and butterbur (Petasites japonicus). 22 This compound exerts a number of biological actions, including anti-inammatory, anticarcinogenic, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective activities. For example, 100 mM KF attenuates the interleukin-1b (IL-1b)-induced proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial broblasts as well as the production of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).…”