Isolation and identification of chlorpropham and two of its metabolites in potatoes by GC-MS

Worobey, Brian L.; Sun, Wing-Fung

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(87)90085-3

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…S1). This could refer to the known degradation product of CP, 3,3‐dichlorazobenzene, a product that was also evident as a small signal in the DESI scan of the potato surface made after storage (Fig. ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct detection of chlorpropham on potato skin using desorption electrospray ionization

et al. 2013

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Most pesticides, herbicides and other plant treatment agents are applied to the crop surface. Direct mass spectrometric methods, such as desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), offer new ways to analyze plant samples directly and rapidly. A strategy for the development and optimization of a DESI method for the direct determination of chemicals on complex surfaces is described. Chlorpropham (CP) was applied to potato surfaces as an example for a crop protection agent and analyzed using a self-made DESI source. Aspects such as instrument selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility were investigated. The MS(4) fragmentation pattern of CP was analyzed to achieve the necessary detection selectivity, and is discussed in detail. Similar fragmentation was found in the ESI and DESI mass spectra, indicating that the mechanisms of ESI and DESI are closely related. A DESI method for semi-quantification of CP on potatoes was developed. Detection limits of 6.5 µg/kg were found using MS/MS. The reproducibility, in the range of 12% (signal variation), appears to be sufficient for semi-quantitative measurements.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct detection of chlorpropham on potato skin using desorption electrospray ionization

et al. 2013

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“…A major problem faced by the potato processing industry nowadays is finding a balance between sprout control during storage and quality of the processed products. The recent ban on the use of Chlorpropham (CIPC) for sprout control in the European union (EU2019/989 of 17 June 2019) results from its potentially toxic and carcinogenic effects 1,2 and the detection of CIPC residues and its primary metabolite 3-chloroaniline in raw and processed potatoes 3,4 . In this context there is an urgent need to develop efficient and safe alternatives to CIPC to control sprouting in the potato value chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential DNA methylation in theVinvpromoter region controls Cold Induced Sweetening in potato

Shumbe

Visse

Soares

et al. 2020

Preprint

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12Control of potato sprouting is important to ensure constant supply of high-quality potato to the 13 industry. Efficient control of sprouting can be achieved by chemical treatment or cold temperature. 14 Recent bans on anti-sprouting molecules are prompting the use of cold storage in the potato value 15 chain. Unfortunately, storage of potato at low temperatures is associated with cold induced 16 sweetening (CIS) due to the induction of the vacuolar invertase gene under low temperatures. 17 Because CIS is associated with the production of the potentially carcinogenic acrylamide in 18 processed potatoes, concise knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms controlling the CIS- 19 phenotype in potatoes is expected to help pave the way for the production of CIS-resistant potato 20 varieties. Here, we dissect the promoters of the Vacuolar invertase (Vinv) genes from CIS-21 susceptible and CIS-resistant varieties to investigate their implication in CIS-phenotype 22 determination. Using bisulfite sequencing and CRISPR-dCas9-DRM2-mediated de novo DNA 23 methylation, we show that the CIS-resistant phenotype of Verdi, is in part due to hypermethylation 24 of its Vinv promoter, more specifically in the 1.0-1.7kb region. Those findings open new 25 perspectives to engineer CIS-resistant potatoes by genome and epigenome modifications. 26Page 2 of 32 Introduction: 27 A major problem faced by the potato processing industry nowadays is finding a balance between 28 sprout control during storage and quality of the processed products. The recent ban on the use of 29 Chlorpropham (CIPC) for sprout control in the European union (EU2019/989 of 17 June 2019) 30 results from its potentially toxic and carcinogenic effects 1,2 and the detection of CIPC residues and 31 its primary metabolite 3-chloroaniline in raw and processed potatoes 3,4 . In this context there is an 32 urgent need to develop efficient and safe alternatives to CIPC to control sprouting in the potato 33 value chain. 34 Alternatives such as ethylene 5 , 1, 4-Dimethylnapthalene (1,4-DMN) 6 , 3-Decen-2-one 7 and Maleic 35 hydrazide 8 have been used over the years in the EU, USA and Canada. However, compounds such 36 as 1,4-DMN are also subjected to Maximum Residue Level (MRL) in the EU, implying a degree 37 of unsafety. Safer alternatives are provided by natural essential oils such as Spearmint oil (BIOX-38 M), Caraway oil and Clove oil 9-11 . However, most of these natural oils require high concentrations 39 to achieve effective sprout inhibition, thus rendering them less cost effective. 40 The use of anti-sprouting chemicals can be circumvented by storing potatoes at physiologically 41 inactive temperature. This cost-effective approach also minimizes water loss and reduces disease 42 incidence 12 . However, low temperature storage at 4 °C enhances the breakdown of starch to 43 reducing sugars (glucose and fructose) leading to the so-called Cold induced Sweetening (CIS) 13 . 44 Upon processing at high temperatures, these reducing sugars undergo a ...

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“…CIPC is a compound of the well-known group of Nphenyl carbamates which may undergo rapid degradation under unsuitable solvent and excessive heating conditions releasing 3-CA [1][2][3][4][5]. For public health and environmental consideration, there is concern about their residues [6,7]; hence, analytical methods are required to analyse the residues of these phenylcarbamates in potato and environmental samples particularly CIPC and its degradation product 3chloroaniline 3-CA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for the Analysis of Chlorpropham and 3-Chloroaniline in Potato Extracts

Mohammed

Flowers

Duncan

2014

Chromatography Research International

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Chlorpropham (CIPC) is the main sprout inhibitor used by potato industry. There is concern about the residues of CIPC and its degradation product 3-chloroaniline, 3-CA; hence, analytical methods are required to analyse their residues in potato samples. An HPLC-UV method was developed and validated for the separation and quantification of these compounds using propham (IPC) as an internal standard. The chromatographic conditions required to achieve good separation were 60% mobile phase of methanol, 15-minute run time at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min, and a detection wavelength of 210 nm using Phenomenex (ODS-2 250 mm×4.60 mm 5 µm Sphereclone) column at an ambient temperature. The method was validated for precision, linearity, the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ), producing high precision through RSD ≤ 0.03%, and acceptable criteria of the coefficient of determination (R2) of the calibration curves (0.990). LOD values of CIPC and 3-CA were approximately 0.01 µg/mL whereas the LOQ values were approximately 0.04 µg/mL using repeated injection approach. The proposed HPLC method was compared with the standard GC method of the CIPC residues extracted showing good agreementR2=0.99. Despite using the same extract, the recovery results for the proposed HPLC method were 13% higher than GC analysis.

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Isolation and identification of chlorpropham and two of its metabolites in potatoes by GC-MS

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Direct detection of chlorpropham on potato skin using desorption electrospray ionization

Direct detection of chlorpropham on potato skin using desorption electrospray ionization

Differential DNA methylation in theVinvpromoter region controls Cold Induced Sweetening in potato

Development and Validation of an HPLC Method for the Analysis of Chlorpropham and 3-Chloroaniline in Potato Extracts

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