Isolation and identification of mutagenic nitro-pah in diesel-exhaust particulates

Xu, Xiaobai; Nachtman, J. P.; Jin, Zhang; Wei, E.T.; Rappaport, Stephen M.; Burlingame, Alma L.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)95375-9

Cited by 111 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It was reported that direct acting mutagenicity of PM induced by nPAHs and oPAHs was about 2 times of pPAHs induced indirect acting mutagenicity in Beijing during the summer time, thought the concentration of former two derivatives were only 8% of the total PAHs (Wang et al, 2011). Currently, reports of these derivatives, either in ambient air or from the emission sources, are still limited (Allen et al, 1997; Ding et al, 2012; Hattori et al, 2007; Shen et al, 2011a, 2012a, 2012b; Simoneit et al, 2007; Tang et al, 2005; Wang et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2011; Xu et al, 1982). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of parent, nitrated, and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from indoor corn straw burning in normal and controlled combustion conditions

Shen

Xue

Wei

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Emission factors (EFs) of parent polycyclic aromatic (pPAHs), nitrated PAHs (nPAHs), and oxygenated PAHs (oPAHs) were measured for indoor corn straw burned in a cooking brick stove in both normal and controlled burning conditions. EFs of total 28 pPAHs, 6 nPAHs and 4 oPAHs were 7.9±3.4, 6.5±1.6×10-3, and 6.1±1.4×10-1 mg/kg, respectively. By controlling the burning conditions, it was found that the influence of fuel charge size on EFs of the pPAHs and derivatives was insignificant. Measured EFs increased significantly in a fast burning mainly because of the oxygen deficient atmosphere formed in the stove chamber with a small volume. In both restricted and enhance air supply conditions, EFs of pPAHs, nPAHs and oPAHs were significantly higher than those measured in normal burning conditions. Though EFs varied in different burning conditions, the composition profiles and calculated isomer ratios were similar without significant differences. The results from the stepwise regression model showed that fuel burning rate, air supply amount, and modified combustion efficiency were three most significant influencing factors, explaining 72-85% of the total variations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions of parent, nitrated, and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from indoor corn straw burning in normal and controlled combustion conditions

Shen

Xue

Wei

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…First detected in the environment as components of carbon black phototoners (21), nitrated PAHs may be formed as a result of nitration with 03, NO2, and peroxyacetyl nitrate in airborne pollutants (22,23) or as a result of a variety of combustion processes (24)(25)(26), including the incomplete burning of diesel fuel (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). They are not only ubiquitous in the atmosphere but may also be present in high concentrations in confined spaces (e.g., office and home environment) primarily as a result of cigarette smoking (34,36,37). Ni-troarenes can be present in the atmosphere absorbed onto various particles (e.g., fly ash, diesel emissions, and carbon black), or they may be present in the gaseous phase of sidestream cigarette smoke and automobile exhausts (28,32,36,37).…”

Section: Nitropolynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitropyrenes can be thus considered direct-acting mutagens. It has also been shown that reduction of the nitro function to the corresponding arylhydroxylamine is required for expression of mutagenic potential (20,34,55).…”

Section: Nitropolynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of organic particulates to respiratory cancer.

Matanoski¹,

Fishbein

Redmond

et al. 1986

Environ Health Perspect

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This paper presents some of the issues that remain to be resolved in order to assess the risk of cancer related to exposure to organic particulates. Most reviews of the effects of organic particulates from the outdoor environment on the risk of lung cancer show that this source seems to play a minor role. However, as fuel use and chemical composition of air pollutants change, the contribution of outdoor pollution as a cause of cancer may also change. Indoor air pollution is a more important source of exposure to organic particulates than is outdoor exposure. Although there is clear evidence that in occupational settings organic particulates cause human cancer, there has been almost no study of exposure to these types of particulates within indoor settings. Previous research has focused on cigarette smoke as the major indoor pollutant, but more specific characterization of contaminants in both the workplace and the home is required. The health effects of the higher levels of some of these contaminants in the workplace should be evaluated and the results extrapolated to populations exposed to lower levels in the home. Extensive research is needed to characterize organic particulate mixtures appropriately and test them for carcinogenicity. Studies on the health risks of nitropolynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans are reviewed, but their contribution to the overall burden of respiratory cancer in humans cannot be estimated at this time. Characterization of mixtures, assessment of exposures, and linkage of exposures to health effects are the objectives of the recommendations proposed for further research.

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“…nitroarenes have been detected in the extracts of diesel particulate emissions as well as the emission of other combustion sources (e.g., fly ash and air samples) (41,48,(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58). In this class of chemicals, 1-nitropyrene appears to be the most abundant while the dinitropyrenes appear to be the most potent bacterial mutagens (59).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genotoxicity, metabolism and carcinogenicity of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Rosenkranz

Mermelstein

1985

Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part C: Environmen

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Isolation and identification of mutagenic nitro-pah in diesel-exhaust particulates

Cited by 111 publications

References 16 publications

Emissions of parent, nitrated, and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from indoor corn straw burning in normal and controlled combustion conditions

Emissions of parent, nitrated, and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from indoor corn straw burning in normal and controlled combustion conditions

Contribution of organic particulates to respiratory cancer.

The genotoxicity, metabolism and carcinogenicity of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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