Isolation and identification of two potent neurotoxins, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, from yellow star thistle (<i>Centaurea solstitialis</i>)

Roy, Dwijendra N.; Peyton, David H.; Spencer, Peter S.

doi:10.1002/nt.2620030309

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“… Hay et al (1994) showed that the toxicity of these sesquiterpene lactones is due to the reactiveα-methylene function. Roy, Peyton & Spencer (1995) isolated and characterized aspartic acid and glutamic acid as two potent neuroexcitotoxic compounds, being aspartic acid the main toxic component in the alcoholic extract of the plant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The introduction of an invasive weed was not followed by the introduction of ethnobotanical knowledge: a review on the ethnobotany of Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae)

Branco

Irimia

Montesinos

2023

PeerJ

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Invasive plants are known for their impacts to ecosystems and societies, but their potential cultural use tend to be unexplored. One important mechanism of plant invasion is the use of “allelochemicals” or “novel weapons”: chemical defenses which are new to their invaded habitats and that confer them competitive advantages. However, these chemicals are precisely what confers them ethnobotanical and medicinal properties. We reviewed the literature assessing the biogeography of the cultural uses of the model invasive plant yellow-starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.; Asteraceae), and assessed the extent to which the introduction of a weed native to Eurasia into several non-native world regions was paralleled by the spread of cultural uses from its native range. We found that the species was rich in pharmaceutically active compounds and that the species had been traditionally used for medicinal purposes, as raw material, and as food. However, ethnobotanical uses were reported almost exclusively in its native range, with no uses described for the non-native range, apart from honey production in California, Argentina, and Australia. Our study exemplifies how, when plant introductions are not paralleled synchronously by significant human migrations, cultural adoption can be extremely slow, even within the native range of the species. Invasive species can provide real-time insights into the cultural processes by which humans learn to use plants. This case study highlights how biological invasions and cultural expansions can be subjected to different constraints.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The introduction of an invasive weed was not followed by the introduction of ethnobotanical knowledge: a review on the ethnobotany of Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae)

Branco

Irimia

Montesinos

2023

PeerJ

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“…The observed degenerative changes resembled those following exposure to repin, a sesquiterpene lactone, that is believed to be the toxic agent of yellow star thistle ( Centaurea solstitialis ) and the cause of nigropallidal encephalomalacia in horses (Roy et al . ; MacKay et al . ).…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Possible Aetiologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pasture‐associated stringhalt: Contemporary appraisal of an enigmatic syndrome

El‐Hage

Huntington²,

Mayhew

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Although described clinically for several centuries, stringhalt remains an intriguing and enigmatic condition. In pasture‐associated stringhalt (PSH), the clinical sign of exaggerated, prolonged hindlimb flexion is associated with a peripheral neuropathy affecting the larger myelinated axons that is thought to be the result of exposure to a plant‐derived neurotoxin. It is likely that multiple host and environmental risk factors interact to produce PSH and the precise aetiology has not yet been elucidated. Drought‐affected, poor‐quality pasture and the presence of Hypochoeris radicata (commonly referred to as Catsear, Flatweed and False Dandelion) are recognised risk factors. Affected horses are typically mature and taller animals are considered more susceptible. Most horses with PSH recover spontaneously if removed from the presumptive source of toxin; however, recovery can be prolonged, taking several years for some horses, and might be incomplete in occasional cases. A wide range of therapies have been attempted in horses with PSH including phenytoin, thiamine, taurine, infiltration of digital extensors with botulinum toxin and lateral digital extensor myotenectomy procedure. The efficacy of these treatments is uncertain since controlled trials have not been performed and the spontaneous recovery of most horses makes any response to treatment difficult to interpret.

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“…Centaurea solstitialis contains several highly potent neurotoxins including sostitialin A, cynaropicrin, and aspartic and glutamic acids (which cause symptoms in horses comparable to human Parkinson's disease) (Roy et al, 1995). It is possible that the small mammals in the field avoided this plant, despite its large size, in preference to the less apparent non-invasives due to this toxic chemistry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large genetic diversity found in C. solstitialis indicates that the colonizing population was not subjected to a founder effect and most likely arose from a large introduction of genetically different seeds (Sun, 1997). Yellow starthistle is also very toxic to livestock (Roy et al, 1995), thus contaminating many grazing lands.…”

Section: Lists 38mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the novel weapons and enemy release hypotheses on the invasiveness of knapweeds, Centaurea spp., in North America

Carpenter¹

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Knapweeds, Centaurea spp., are among the most successful grassland invaders in North America. Despite similar life histories, only certain members of this genus have become problem species, while others remain as benign, naturalized exotics. Two ideas which have been proposed to explain the success of exotic plants are the novel weapons (allelopathy) and enemy release hypotheses. In this study, both hypotheses were examined by comparing highly invasive knapweeds to their noninvasive kin. Leachates collected naturally from the soils of both highly invasive and non-invasive knapweeds had no noticeable allelopathic effects on indicator species.Though allelopathy has been reported in invasive knapweeds, it is likely the result of specific environmental factors. In terms of herbivory, non-invasives were fed on more by a generalist feeder, and incurred significantly more herbivory than invasives in a common garden. This indicates that invasive knapweeds may possess novel defenses which deter local herbivores.iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.

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Isolation and identification of two potent neurotoxins, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, from yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis)

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

The introduction of an invasive weed was not followed by the introduction of ethnobotanical knowledge: a review on the ethnobotany of Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae)

The introduction of an invasive weed was not followed by the introduction of ethnobotanical knowledge: a review on the ethnobotany of Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae)

Pasture‐associated stringhalt: Contemporary appraisal of an enigmatic syndrome

The role of the novel weapons and enemy release hypotheses on the invasiveness of knapweeds, Centaurea spp., in North America

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