Isolation and Purification of Galloyl, Caffeoyl, and Hexahydroxydiphenoyl Esters of Glucoses from Balanophora simaoensis by High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography and Their Antioxidant Activities In Vitro

Abstract

High-speed counter-current chromatography was used to separate and purify galloyl, caffeoyl, and hexahydroxydiphenoyl esters of glucoses from the aerial parts of the parasitic plant Balanophora simaoensis for the first time using n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:2:1:2, v/v) as the optimum solvent system. Accordingly, 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-3-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose (I, 12.5 mg), 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-3-O-galloyl-4,6-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-d-glucopyranose (II, 27.2 mg), and 1-O-(E)-caffeoyl-4,6-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-d-glucopyranose (III, 52.8 mg) with 98.0%, 98.5%, and 98.7% purities, respectively, were purified from 210 mg crude extract of B. simaoensis in a one-step separation. The structures of the glucose esters were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR). Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by measuring their inhibition activity on liver microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by the Fe2+-Cys system in vitro. Compounds I–III showed significant antioxidant activities with IC50 values ranging from 2.51 to 6.68 μm, respectively.

Polysaccharides extracted from balanophora polyandra Griff (BPP) ameliorate renal Fibrosis and EMT via inhibiting the Hedgehog pathway

“…17 It has been demonstrated that the chemical components of Balanophora polyandra Griff include phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, tannins and polysaccharides etc, which have medicinal functions, such as anti-inflammation, liver protection, anti-oxidation and anti-cancer as well as other biological effects. 18 More recently, we found that Balanophora polyandra Griff polysaccharides (BPPs) significantly inhibited the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells via P53mediated pathway. 19 However, to date, there have been no reports about the influence of BPPs on renal fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms.…”

“…Balanophora polyandra Griff , belonging to the family Balanophoraceae , is a natural medicinal mushroom living in association with the root system of many different host plants, especially the evergreen shrubs in Hubei, Hunan and Yunnan provinces in China 17 . It has been demonstrated that the chemical components of Balanophora polyandra Griff include phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, tannins and polysaccharides etc, which have medicinal functions, such as anti‐inflammation, liver protection, anti‐oxidation and anti‐cancer as well as other biological effects 18 . More recently, we found that Balanophora polyandra Griff polysaccharides (BPPs) significantly inhibited the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells via P53‐mediated pathway 19 .…”

Hypouricaemic and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanol Extract from Balanophora fungosa subsp. indica (Arn.) B. Hansen

“…Anti-inflammatory activity of EBF was evaluated by an experimental model of gouty arthritis as previously described by Faires and McCarty. 6 Monosodium urate crystals were synthesized using the procedure described by Faires and McCarty. 6 The crystals were suspended in 9% sterile saline (48 mg/mL) prior to use.…”

“…6 Monosodium urate crystals were synthesized using the procedure described by Faires and McCarty. 6 The crystals were suspended in 9% sterile saline (48 mg/mL) prior to use. Similar to the carrageenan model, each group was administered the ethanol extract EBF (350, 500 mg/kg p.o), diclofenac (20 mg/kg), and negative control (Na-CMC 0,5%) once a day for 5 consecutive days.…”

“…3 Although some biological potentials of B. fungosa subsp. indica including antiinflammatory effect, cytotoxicity, antioxidant capacity were studied in vitro previously, [4][5][6] there were not so much in vivo study on biological effects of this parasitic plant. Our preliminary screening also confirmed that the ethanol extract of B. fungosa subsp.…”