Isolation, Characterization and Pharmacological Investigations of a New Phenolic Compound along with Four Others Firstly Reported Phytochemicals from Glycosmis cyanocarpa (Blume) Spreng

Abstract

Plants are serving the mankind with important bioactive phytochemicals from the very ancient ages to develop novel therapeutics against different disease states. Glycosmis cyanocarpa (Blume) Spreng is a plant from the Rutaceae family and a very less explored species from the Glycosmis genus. Thus, this present study was intended to present the chemical and biological investigation of Glycosmis cyanocarpa (Blume) Spreng. The chemical investigation resulted in the isolation of one new phenolic compound to the best of our knowledge which is (4-(3-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2-methoxyphenol) (1) along with four known compounds that are isolated for the first time from this species- 3-methyl-1H-indole (2), Tri-transpoly-cis prenol-12 (3), Stigmasterol (4) and β-sitosterol (5). Their chemical structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, and comparison with the available literature data. Isolated phytochemicals were further investigated to unveil their antioxidant properties with IC50 values (ranged from 9.97–75.48 µg/mL), cytotoxicity with LC50 values (ranged from 1.02–1.92 µg/mL), and antibacterial properties against some selected Gram (+) ve and Gram (−) ve bacteria. Among the compounds, 3-methyl-1H-indole (2) was found to be the most active against Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the phenolic compound (1) and the alkaloid (2) revealed the highest antioxidant (9.97 µg/mL) and cytotoxic activities (1.02 µg/mL), respectively. Thus, the isolation of these bioactive phytochemicals from the plant revealed a new perception in the study arena of drug discovery and the findings may ease the development and discovery of novel therapeutics. Further investigations are still recommended to understand their exact molecular mechanism and toxicological impact.

GC–MS analysis and pharmacological evaluations of Phoenix sylvestris (Roxb.) seeds provide new insights into the management of oxidative stress and hyperglycemia

“…The current study reveals the phytochemicals possibly responsible for oxidative radical scavenging capacity and antihyperglycemic activities of P. sylvestris seed extensively grown in Bangladesh. The plant extracts and compounds with profound antioxidant capacity could be promising candidates for the management of recovery of oxidative stress-induced diseases such as diabetes (Ashrafi et al, 2022;Sultana et al, 2022;Vinayagam et al, 2016). The phenolics and flavonoids are the significant phytochemicals evidenced to remarkably restore oxidative damage by scavenging free radicals produced in diabetic patients (Emon et al, 2020(Emon et al, , 2021Sarian et al, 2017;Vinayagam et al, 2016).…”

Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of an Indigenous Plant of Bangladesh, Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.: Drug Discovery from Nature

“…To examine whether the plant extracts might scavenge free radicals from 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), a total of 2.0 mL of a plant extract solution at various concentrations (ranging from 500 g/mL to 0.977 g/mL) was combined with 3.0 mL of a DPPH methanol solution (20 g/mL). The antioxidant activities of the plant extract were evaluated by comparing its ability to decolorize a purple-colored DPPH methanol solution to that of ascorbic acid (ASA) [ 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 ]. …”

“…With DMSO serving as the negative control, vincristine sulfate was employed as the standard for comparison in a range of doses (400 g/mL to 0.78125 g/mL). After counting the nauplii visually, 5 mL of simulated seawater was added to the mixture in vials [ 72 , 74 , 76 , 77 ]. …”

Flavonoids: A treasure house of prospective pharmacological potentials

“…For the pharmaceutical research community, the process of drug discovery and development presents substantial difficulties. The ADME procedure, which examines how a medication molecule behaves after consumption, is one of the most important ones [ 216 ]. Drug metabolism studies are essential for identifying active metabolites for new chemical entities, identifying reactive or toxic metabolites, mitigating safety concerns, ensuring the suitability of animal models for human metabolism, and facilitating precise dose estimations in humans [ 217 ].…”