Isolation, Diagnosis and Cultivation of Trichomonas gallinae from Domestic Pigeon in Kirkuk City, Iraq

Abstract

Article InfoThis research was conducted to study the spread of an important unicellular protozoan Trichomonas gallinae isolated from the mouth and esophagus of three groups of domestic pigeon Colomba livia domestica by wet mount preparation. A total of 609 domestic pigeons were tested in Kirkuk city, Iraq from August 2015 to April 2016, the total infectious rate of the prevalence were 49.26%, distributed to 64.92%, 50.98% and 30.41% in Alzajel, pakistani and zubaeri pigeon respectively. The present study compared three different stains to characterize the shape of T. gallinae namely Giemz, Gram and for first time Field's stain, the Giemza stain showed efficient to stain T. gallinae more than other two stains, although Field's stain requires less time for staining compared to Giemza and Gram's stain. The parasites are cultivated in three prepared culture media (In-tube culture system), which are modified Diamond media (TYM), Cysteine Peptone Maltose media (CPLM) and Trichomonas CM0161 media (CM 161) with the initial inoculation of 2X105 cell/ml, the fourth media was In-pouch culture system that is commercially available with the initial inoculation of 105 cell/ml. In-pouch TV culture media is used for the first time to diagnose and to grow T. gallinae which is a special media for diagnosis of the vaginal trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. The result showed the best growth of T. gallinae in In-pouch media compared with In-tube culture system, modified diamond media and CM 161 gave the high growth to 48 hours while CPLM gave the high growth from 24 hours, the CM 161 media showed acute decrease in the number of T. gallinae after 48 hour.

Comparative Evaluation of Direct Smear and Culture Methods for Detection of Trichomonas gallinae Infection in Pigeon and Chicken of Assam

“…Several other workers also used Giemsa stained method for identification of parasite ( [24,10,25,6]). Prevalence of T. gallinae from domestic pigeon was recorded in Kirkuk City, Iraq and recorded 49.26% prevalence based on wet mount preparation, different staining techniques (Giemsa, Gram stain and Fields stain) and four culture methods with Giemsa staining and In-pouch media being more efficient than wet mount preparation ( [15]) similar to our reports.…”

“…Medium 199, a general media for maintenance of eukaryotic cells, supplemented with rice starch and inactivated fetal bovine serum was a standard media for isolation of Trichomonas gallinae ([14]). The isolation, diagnosis and cultivation of T. gallinae from domestic Pigeon was studied and the parasites were confirmed by wet mount preparation, different staining techniques like Giemsa, Gram stain and Fields staining method and by culture method ( [15]). Parasites were cultivated by In-tube and In-pouch culture systems using modified Diamond media (TYM), Cysteine Peptone Maltose media (CPLM) and Trichomonas CM0161 media (CM 161).…”

The prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) in a Veterinary Clinic in Vienna between 2000-2019

“…Positive samples will display high numbers of highly motile protozoa, which can be easily identified. Other possibilities like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, staining or cultures are possible; however, those are not practical in a clinical situation (Hamad and Hassan 2017).…”

“…Nowadays, molecular studies have been introduced in order to characterise the parasites and to establish relationships between the isolates (Hamad and Hassan 2017).…”

Health Screening of the European Endangered Species Program Captive Population of the Pink Pigeon (Nesoenas Mayeri)

“…White City, Oregon, 97503, USA), was used to screen for trichomonads, as previously used to culture T. gallinae from Columbiformes. 20,34 A crop swab was placed in the top chamber of the pouch and viewed immediately under a light microscope (x100 and x400). The doublechambered pouch was then mixed to allow the sample to disperse into the lower chamber and incubated at 37°C.…”