Isolation, Identification and Pathogenic Effects of Trichoderma spp. from Auricularia auricula

Abstract

Auricularia auricula, one of the most important edible mushrooms, is affected heavily by Trichoderma. We collected the diseased samples from the main A.auricula cultivation regions to characterize the pathogen and study the effect of Trichoderma spp. on A.auricula species. We identified one Trichoderma species, T.pleuroticola, based on the internal transcribed spacer and morphology characteristics and two types of A.auricula strains, Heiwei 15 (HW 15) and Hei 29 (H 29) were tested in this work. The growth rate of T.pleuroticola was 3.26–3.52 times higher than that of A.auricula and advantageously competed for living space and nutrients. In confrontation culture, T.pleuroticola completely inhibited the mycelium growth of A.auricula and grew on it, resulting in the diverse impact on HW 15 and H 29. In addition, T.pleuroticola can produce metabolites with antibacterial activity. The inhibition rate of volatile metabolites to H-29 and HW 15 was 13.46% and 10.44%, and the inhibition rate of nonvolatile metabolites to H-29 and HW 15 was 36.04% and 31.49%, respectively. These antifungal activities of inhibiting the growth of A.auricula were abbtributed to the organic compounds from T.pleuroticola, nonanal, tyrosine, beta-sitosterol, and wortmannin, which were identified by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy (GC-IMS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In short, T. pleuroticola was a highly pathogenic fungi in the production of A.auricula.

Pathogenic invasive microbes Trichoderma pleuroticola transform bacterial and fungal community diversity in Auricularia cornea crop production system

“…Three T. pleuroticola strains (TTP) were isolated from contaminated artificial bed-log of Zha Shui black fungus (Auricularia auricula) in Zhashui County, Shaanxi Province, China, and their sequence homology comparison showed that the TTP was clustered under the same clade with T. pleuroticola (accession number: JQ040377.1, strain number: CQJB5015), the homology reached 100%, and combined with the morphological characteristics of TTP were identified again. The main metabolites produced by T. pleuroticola, such as esters, ketones volatile organic compounds, amino acids and their derivatives, have antifungal activities, which may inhibit the mycelia growth of Auricularia auricula (Kong, 2022). A strain ZJ-03 isolated from oyster mushroom culture medium, identified by combining morphological observation and molecular biology as the T. pleuroticola, and producting xylanase activity above 3,000 IU/g (Qian et al, 2020), which considered an important source of xylanase production (Korkmaz et al, 2017).…”