Isolation of Bovine Herpes Mammillitis Virus From Dairy Cattle in Victoria

Turner, Andrew; Kovesdy, L.; Cianter, Mary S.; Nicholls, W. A.; Chatham, R. O.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1974.tb14095.x

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…O vírus pertence à subfamília Alphaherpesvirinae e gênero Simplexvirus e é estreitamente relacionado com o vírus do herpes simplex humano (HSV-1 e HSV-2) e outros herpesvírus de primatas (Roizman et al 1992, Ehlers et al 1999. A ocorrência do vírus foi demonstrada em vários países, incluindo Quênia (Martin & Gwynne 1968), Reino Unido (Johnston et al 1971), Estados Unidos da América (Dardiri & Stone 1972), Austrália (Turner et al 1974), Brasil (Alice 1977) e Japão (Imai et al 2005). Sorologia positiva foi detectada em ruminantes selvagens, cuja participação na epidemiologia da doença ainda é incerta (Plowright & Jesset 1972).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Caracterização clinicopatológica da mamilite aguda em ovelhas lactantes infectadas experimentalmente com o herpesvírus bovino 2

et al. 2008

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RESUMO.-A mamilite causada pelo herpesvírus bovino tipo 2 (BoHV-2) possui importante repercussão sanitária em gado leiteiro de alguns países, mas a sua patogenia permanece pouco conhecida. Este trabalho descreve a reprodução e caracterização da mamilite aguda em ovelhas lactantes inoculadas com o BoHV-2 na pele do úbe-re e dos tetos. is an important disease in dairy herds yet its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. This report describes the reproduction and characterization of acute mammillitis in lactating ewes inoculated with BoHV-2 in the skin of the udder and teats. Five out of eight inoculated ewes developed large plaques, with focal necrosis, small vesicles and crust formation in the inoculated areas. The lesions were first observed on day 4 post-inoculation (pi), progressed in size and severity up to days 7-8pi and subsided progressively thereafter. Infectious virus was isolated from the lesions at days 7 and 8pi. Viral antigens and herpesvirus-like particles were demonstrated by electron microscopy in lesions examined at days 5, 6 and 10pi. Histological findings included epithelial necrosis, erosions and ulcers, and formation of syncytial cells. Intranuclear inclusions bodies in epithelial, syncytial and inflammatory cells and lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis were also observed. In a second experiment, seven out of ten lambs inoculated into the nostrils and muzzle developed nasal hyperemia and discharge, vesicles, and erosions in the nose. Infectious virus was isolated from lesions during up to three days and all lambs seroconverted to BoHV-2. Attempts to reactivate the latent infection by dexamethasone administration on day 40pi failed, since virus shedding, clinical recrudescence or seroconversion were not observed. The reproduction of acute infection and mammillitis resembling that occurring in cattle paves the way for the use of sheep to study several aspects of the biology of BoHV-2 infection.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Caracterização clinicopatológica da mamilite aguda em ovelhas lactantes infectadas experimentalmente com o herpesvírus bovino 2

et al. 2008

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“…BoHV-2 causes primary cutaneous infections in cattle and is common worldwide [12][13][14]. The virus is responsible for two different clinical forms of skin disease, namely BHM (localized) and PLSD (systemic), although both in natural and experimental infections sometimes a clear distinction between the two forms is not possible [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 strain from an outbreak of bovine herpetic mammillitis in a dairy farm

et al. 2020

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Background: Bovine alphaherpesvirus type 2 (BoHV-2) belongs to family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesviridae and can cause two distinct, well-defined conditions: a generalized benign skin infection that somewhat mimics lumpy skin disease (LSD), referred to as Pseudo-Lumpy Skin Disease (PSLD) and a localized ulcerative mammillitis, referred to as Bovine Herpetic Mammillitis (BHM). BHM is a localized form of BoHV-2 infection that causes erosiveulcerative self-limiting lesions on breast and nipples. BHM is chiefly a disease of lactating dairy cows and has been described sporadically in several countries. In this study we describe an outbreak of bovine herpetic mammillitis caused by BoHV-2 occurred in a dairy farm in Southern Italy. Clinical signs were observed in 26/59 lactating cows with the age ranging between 2 and 6 years. The affected animals were afebrile, showed lesions on the skin of nipples, breast and ventral surface of the abdomen, near the mammary veins and spontaneously recovered within 2 months. Results: BoHV-2 DNA was detected in the crust samples by pan-herpes PCR and real-time quantitative PCR. The virus was isolated on bovine kidney cells and was characterised by deep sequencing technologies. The nucleotide identity to BoHV-2 of the strain ITA/2018/468 retrieved in this study ranged from 98.83 to 100%. Phylogenetic analyses based on three full-length gene (glycoprotein B, thymidine kinase and glycoprotein G) sequences confirmed the close relatedness of the strain ITA/2018/468 to BoHV-2 sequences. Conclusions: The report represents a significant outbreak of BHM in a dairy farm 50 years after the last description in Italy. However, outbreaks of PLSD have been described in Europe recently, indicating that the virus is present in European territories. Improving the diagnostic algorithms and enacting specific surveillance plans could be useful to understand better the epidemiological and pathogenetic patterns of BoHV-2 infection in livestock animals, and to develop, eventually, effective prophylaxis plans.

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“…Серологічні дослідження доводять, що вірус широко розповсюджений у домашньої худоби в усьому світі. Приблизно 20 % худоби було інфіковано в США на початку 70-х років минулого століття (Dardiri, & Stone, 1972;Castrucci, Pedini, Cilli, & Arancia, 1972;Turner, Kovesdy, Cianter, Nicholls, & Chatham, 1974;Brenner, Sharir, Yadin, Perl, & Stram, 2009). Приблизно така сама ситуація була і в Великобританії (Rweyemamu, Johnson, & Laurillard, 1969).…”

Section: результати дослідженьunclassified

“…Є повідомлення про спорадичні спалахи в Австралії, Великобританії, США та Ізраїлі. Спорадичний прояв бичачого герпесвірусного маміліту (друга клінічна форма перебігу герпесвірусного маміліту (BHM) був описаний в США, Канаді, Великобританії, Бразилії, Японії, Європі, Африці й Австралії (Turner, Kovesdy, Cianter, Nicholls, & Chatham, 1974;Alice, 1977;Imai, Ishihara, & Nishimori, 2005). Захворювання корів з клінічними ознаками герпесвірусного маміліту вперше зареєстроване в Україні в липні 2001 року серед тварин приватного сектору.…”

Section: результати дослідженьunclassified

Herpesvirus mamilit of cattle

Moroz¹,

Expertise²,

Kornienko³

et al. 2021

VSTFH

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Herpesvirus mamilit in cattle is a viral disease characterized by vesicular, erosive and necrotic lesions of the skin of the nipples and udder. Currently, there are two forms of this disease, PSLD (pseudo-lumpy skin disease) and BHM (bovine herpetic mamilit).The first report on the isolation of herpesvirus from cattle with dermatitis (strain Allerton) dates back to 1957, when in South Africa diseases were observed among cows with lumpy dermatitis with ulcerative damage to the skin of the udder nipples. Later, in the 60s of the last century, there were reports of cases of ulcerative mamilitis of viral etiology among cows in Bulgaria, Australia and in the countries of South Africa -Rwanda and Tanzania. In all cases of herpesvirus mamilitis, the causative agent of the disease was identified as herpesvirus of the 2nd serotype. The herpesvirus etiology of the disease was also laboratory confirmed in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Ireland, Germany and the Czech Republic.In Ukraine, the first report of herpesvirus mamilitis of cattle (ulcerative mamilitis of cows) appeared only in 2003, although diseases with similar clinical signs were known earlier.Infection of dairy cattle can significantly affect productivity (decrease by about 20 %), chronic mastitis arising from this disease leads to a decrease in the number of productive animals. Natural infection caused by BoHV-2 occurs mainly in heifers and first lactation cows. Calving can be a factor in the reactivation of the virus. The natural transmission mechanism of the BoHV-2 virus is not fully understood. Most people talk about mechanical transmission through milking machines, through attendants, through the bites of Stomoxys calcitrans flies. The intact nipple skin is resistant to the penetration of the virus, which proves once again that any nipple injury is preceded by an infection.Serological studies show that the virus is common in livestock throughout the world. According to clinical signs, it is rather difficult to differentiate this disease from other viral diseases (viral diarrhea, malignant catarrhal fever, parapoxviruses, infectious rhinotracheitis in cattle). The specialist literature describes the treatment of BoHV-2 disease in cows. The authors used Intacef for injection (Intas pharma, 3 g i / m), anistamine for injection (10 ml i / m), Melonex (10 ml i / m). Udder ulcers were treated with povidone-iodine ointment twice daily for 5 days. On the 5th day of treatment, the animals recovered.Vaccines for specific prevention of this disease have not been developed. Sick animals are separated (if possible) from the general herd and treated. Clinically affected animals are milked last. The udders and teats should be disinfected to reduce the spread of the virus. It is imperative to disinfect the milking machines and hands after each cow and after milking. The udder skin should be monitored to prevent mastitis.The widespread spread of this disease among productive animals, significant economic losses in the form of reduced milk yield and treatment costs, and the d...

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Isolation of Bovine Herpes Mammillitis Virus From Dairy Cattle in Victoria

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Caracterização clinicopatológica da mamilite aguda em ovelhas lactantes infectadas experimentalmente com o herpesvírus bovino 2

Caracterização clinicopatológica da mamilite aguda em ovelhas lactantes infectadas experimentalmente com o herpesvírus bovino 2

Isolation and characterization of bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 strain from an outbreak of bovine herpetic mammillitis in a dairy farm

Herpesvirus mamilit of cattle

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