Isolation of human nasoseptal chondrogenic cells: A promise for cartilage engineering

Abstract

In cartilaginous tissues, perichondrium cambium layer may be the source of new cartilage. Human nasal septal perichondrium is considered to be a homogeneous structure in which some authors do not recognize the perichondrium internal zone or the cambium layer as a layer distinct from adjacent cartilage surface. In the present study, we isolated a chondrogenic cell population from human nasal septal cartilage surface zone. Nasoseptal chondrogenic cells were positive for surface markers described for mesenchymal stem cells, with exception of CD146, a perivascular cell marker, which is consistent with their avascular niche in cartilage. Although only Sox-9 was constitutively expressed, they also revealed osteogenic and chondrogenic, but not adipogenic, potentials in vitro, suggesting a more restricted lineage potential compared to mesenchymal stem cells. Interestingly, even in absence of chondrogenic growth factors in the pellet culture system, nasoseptal chondrogenic cells had a capacity to synthesize sulfated glycosaminoglycans, large amounts of collagen type II and to a lesser extent collagen type I. The spontaneous chondrogenic potential of this population of cells indicates that they may be a possible source for cartilage tissue engineering. Besides, the pellet culture system using nasoseptal chondrogenic cells may also be a model for studies of chondrogenesis.

Surface Markers for Chondrogenic Determination: A Highlight of Synovium-Derived Stem Cells

“…These progenitor cells at passage 1 were found to be positive for CD44, CD73, and CD105, as well as negative for CD146. CD44, in particular, was found to be highly expressed in this subpopulation of cells [41]. In addition to supporting the roles of CD73 and CD105 in chondrogenesis, this study provides evidence that CD44 may also hold a key role, although specifics in relation to SDSCs need further investigation.…”

Biotechnological Chondroitin a Novel Glycosamminoglycan With Remarkable Biological Function on Human Primary Chondrocytes

“…Cartilage injuries are highly prevalent in both young and elderly patient populations; hormonal, genetic, and inflammatory factors are known to increase the risk of osteoarthritis and influence the course of the disease. Cell‐based cartilage tissue engineering could provide permanent solutions in therapeutic applications to treat cartilage lesions and osteo‐chondral pathologies [Saadeh et al, ; Fuentes‐Boquete et al, ; Do Amaral et al, ]. Advances in alternative approaches, such as the optimization of chondrocyte isolation and characterization in vitro, represent the potential prospective to translate the in vitro models of cartilage regeneration into clinical practice [Shafiee et al, ; Oseni et al, ].…”

Dedifferentiated Chondrocytes in Composite Microfibers As Tool for Cartilage Repair

“…The comparison with articular chondrocytes demonstrated that nasal chondrocytes were able to support the production of a cartilage matrix with adequate functional and biomechanical characteristics both in vitro and in vivo (do Amaral et al, 2012; Pleumeekers et al, 2014). Therefore, it is reasonable to suppose that good mechanical integrity and structural stability of surgical specimens from nasal septum may remain in the memory of chondrocytes if cultured in a favorable environment.…”

“…Briefly, cartilage fragments were minced into small pieces and rapidly incubated with type VIII Collagenase (Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) at 37°C for 16 h (do Amaral et al, 2012). Cells were harvested by centrifugation and plated (p0) at a density of 20,000 cells/cm 2 in tissue culture flasks (25 cm 2 ) or 8-well culture slides in standard medium (50% DMEM high-glucose/50% DMEM F-12/10% fetal calf serum) (Euroclone S.p.A., Milan, Italy) supplemented with antibiotics (penicillin 100 mg/mL and streptomycin 10 mg/mL), at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO 2 .…”