Isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis from environmental samples collected from farms before and after destocking sheep with paratuberculosis

Rj, Whittington; Ib, Marsh; Pj, Taylor; Dj, Marshall; Taragel, C; La, Reddacliff

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2003.tb12887.x

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…On the other five farms, too few water samples were collected to enable a comparison with isolation rates from terrestrial sites. Water and sediment samples were also taken from a further 20 farms that had been destocked of Johne's disease-affected sheep for at least 11 months; there were several culture-positive samples, all of which were sediments from low-lying areas near dams or water courses (31). From these results, it can be assumed that low-lying and aquatic environments where feces accumulates may harbor M. avium subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Dam Water and Sediment

Whittington

Marsh

Reddacliff

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

120

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In a previous longitudinal study, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis survived for 55 weeks in fecal material in the shade, but for much shorter periods in exposed locations. In this experiment, the survival of the organism was studied in 250 liters of dam water and sediment in large water troughs that were placed in either a semiexposed location or in a shaded location and compared to survival in fecal material and soil in the shaded location. Survival in water and/or sediment in the shade was for up to 48 weeks compared to 36 weeks in the semiexposed location. Survival in sediment was 12 to 26 weeks longer than survival in the water column. Survival in soil and fecal material in the terrestrial environment in the shaded location was only 12 weeks. Although disturbance to sediment could not be ruled out as a factor, there was evidence of dormancy in both the water column and the sediment, since the organism could not be recovered for several months before again becoming detectable. The results suggest that water may be a significant reservoir of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. Further research on the biology of the organism in aquatic environments is warranted. Animal health authorities will need to provide appropriate advice to farmers to minimize exposure of livestock to potentially infected water sources. Survival of the organism in water destined for human consumption will need to be addressed if the organism is found to be involved in the etiology of Crohn's disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…paratuberculosis was isolated from ca. 20% of samples (31). On one farm, 17 water and sediment samples were collected, but only 1 of these was positive for M. avium subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Dam Water and Sediment

Whittington

Marsh

Reddacliff

2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

120

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“…, bezoar (Capra aegagrus) (27) (Kopecna et al, 2006), chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) (134) (Kopecna et al, 2006), hawk (1) (Florou et al, 2008), owl (1) (Florou et al, 2008), Spur-winged plover (1) (Nugent et al, 2011), wolf (1) (Florou et al, 2008), duck (1) (Whittington et al, 2003). M. paratuberculosis was cultured in all samples for Eurasian Otter (n=2) (Matos et al, 2013), Common snipe (1) (Corn et al, 2005), Tapir (1), Okapi (1), Gayal (1), Blesbok (3), Banteng…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium avium ssp . paratuberculosis detection in animals, food, water and other sources or vehicles of human exposure: A scoping review of the existing evidence

Waddell

Rajić

Stärk

et al. 2016

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…At present there is no direct evidence of mycobacaterial adsorption to clay particles, although one study reported recovery of only 3.5% of non-tuberculous mycobacteria inoculated into soil samples and attributed this to adsorption (Brooks et al, 1984). Whittington et al (2003) inferred a similar phenomenon for MAP, but further studies are required to substantiate this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Association of farm soil characteristics with ovine Johne's disease in Australia

Dhand

Eppleston

Whittington

et al. 2009

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Speculation about the association of soil characteristics with the expression of ovine Johne's disease (OJD) prompted this cross-sectional study. We enrolled 92 sheep flocks in Australia during 2004-05 and in each enrolled flock collected pooled faecal samples from an identified cohort (group of same age and sex) of sheep and soil samples from the paddocks grazed by this cohort of sheep. Faecal pools were cultured to create three outcome variables: positive or negative status of faecal pools (pool OJD status, binary); the log number of viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) organisms per gram of faeces (log pool MAP number, continuous); and the prevalence of faecal shedders (cohort OJD prevalence level, ordinal: low <2%, medium 2-10% and high >10%). Separate statistical models were then developed to investigate the association between soil characteristics and each outcome variable.Sheep raised on soils with a higher percentage of organic carbon and clay had a higher OJD prevalence whereas, sheep grazing on soils with a higher content of sand and nitrogen had a lower OJD prevalence. Iron content of the soil was positively associated with OJD infection but the association between soil pH and OJD was inconclusive. Parent soil type, the only farm level factor, was not significant in any of the final models.Study results indicate a higher risk of OJD in sheep raised on soils with greater organic matter and clay content. We hypothesise that this is due to adsorption of MAP to clay and the 2 consequent retention of the bacteria in the topsoil, thus making them available in higher numbers to grazing sheep.

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Isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis from environmental samples collected from farms before and after destocking sheep with paratuberculosis

Cited by 35 publications

References 14 publications

Survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Dam Water and Sediment

Survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Dam Water and Sediment

Mycobacterium avium ssp . paratuberculosis detection in animals, food, water and other sources or vehicles of human exposure: A scoping review of the existing evidence

Association of farm soil characteristics with ovine Johne's disease in Australia

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