Isolation of Mycoplasma spp. and serological responses in bulls prior to and following their introduction into Mycoplasma bovis-infected dairy herds

Hazelton, M.S.; Morton, John M.; Bosward, Katrina L.; Sheehy, Paul A.; Parker, A.M.; Dwyer, Connor J.; Niven, P.G.; House, John K.

doi:10.3168/jds.2018-14457

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Traditionally, the identification and diagnosis of M. bovis has been performed via microbial culture. (Hazelton et al 2018;Parker et al 2018;Zhao et al 2018). More recently, the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect M. bovis species from various bovine samples has increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of a colloidal carbon test strip for the detection of antibodies against Mycoplasma bovis

Shi

Zhao

Sun

et al. 2020

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is an important bovine mycoplasma implicated in economically important clinical diseases, such as respiratory diseases, otitis media, and mastitis. The prevalence of M. bovis-associated mastitis in both cattle and buffaloes has been increasingly recognized as a global problem. High morbidity rates and consequential economic losses have been devastating to the affected cattle and buffalo farms, especially those in developing countries. Therefore, a rapid and accurate method is urgently needed to detect M. bovis. In this study, a rapid and simple lateral flow strip for detecting antibodies against M. bovis was established that used carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) as the labelled materials. The results from the test strip were highly consistent with those from ELISA. The test showed high specificity (100%) and no cross-reaction with other bovine pathogens. The detection sensitivity of the test was also relatively high (97.67%). All the results indicated that the colloidal carbon test strip could serve as a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic method for detecting antibodies against M. bovis at cattle farms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of a colloidal carbon test strip for the detection of antibodies against Mycoplasma bovis

Shi

Zhao

Sun

et al. 2020

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Although the persistence of mycoplasmas in the vagina was not accompanied by pronounced clinical signs of vaginitis, the state of the mucous protection underwent significant changes [2,5].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immuno-Biological Properties of Vaginal Discharge in Healthy and Mycoplasmosis-Infected Cows

Vasiliev

Vasilieva

2021

Med. immunol.

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Genital mycoplasmosis in cows is a disease accompanied by a latent course, which complicates its timely diagnosis and the appointment of adequate therapy. The nonspecific symptomatology of mycoplasmosis, combined with periods of asymptomatic course, leads to the development of functional and morphological changes in the organs of the reproductive system of cows, resulting in infertility. Monitoring studies of livestock farms in the North-West region of the Russian Federation have shown that infection of the genitals of cows with mycoplasmas can be from 20 to 40% of the livestock. Moreover, there is a clear relationship between the high infection rate of the livestock and low reproduction rates. In this regard, livestock enterprises incur significant economic damage. One of the important mechanisms preventing the introduction of various pathogens into the reproductive tract is the resistance of the vaginal mucosa. Among these factors, the most important role is assigned to vaginal autoflora, epithelial desquamation, phagocytosis, acidity of vaginal secretions, the content of immunoglobulins, lysozyme and a number of other nonspecific protective factors in it. We studied the changes in the immuno-biological characteristics of vaginal secretions in the subclinical course of genital mycoplasmosis. Healthy cows with a negative PCR test for Mycoplasma spp. were selected for the study. and infected with Mycoplasma spp., without clinical signs of vaginitis. In both groups of animals, the concentration of hydrogen ions, the activity of lysozyme and immunoglobulins of the classes IgG, IgM, IgA and sIgA were determined in the vaginal secretions. Despite the fact that the persistence of mycoplasmas in the vagina is not accompanied by pronounced clinical signs of vaginitis, but the state of protective factors the mucous membrane undergoes significant changes. The conducted studies made it possible to establish that the long-term presence of mycoplasmas in the vagina of cows is manifested by a significant increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions by 41% and a decrease in the lysozyme activity of vaginal secretions by 2 times, that is, inhibition of the main factors preventing the colonization of mucous pathogenic microflora is observed. In addition, there is a redistribution of classes of immunoglobulins in the vaginal secretion. This is manifested by a significant increase in the content of IgM and sIgA against the background of a tendency towards a decrease in IgA. The noted changes in aggregate create favorable conditions for the introduction of secondary microflora and the development of bacterial-mycoplasma vaginitis, aggravating morpho-functional changes in the reproductive tract and increasing the risk of infertility.

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“…Mycoplasma Species Isolation and Identification. The vaginal swabs were cultured using the same protocol as that used by Hazelton et al (2018a). Briefly, specific Mycoplasma agar prepared by Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, NSW, Australia, was used.…”

Section: Sample and Laboratory Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…have been frequently isolated from the genital tracts of bulls (Doig, 1981;Ungureanu et al, 1986) and Mycoplasma bovis has been isolated from the bull reproductive tract and semen (Haapala et al, 2018). Mycoplasma bovis colonization of the prepuce and semen, and seroconversion (ELISA) of bulls have also been observed during, or soon after, bull use in M. bovis-infected dairy herds (Hazelton et al, 2018a). This demonstrates the potential for bulls to contribute to M. bovis transmission between cattle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma species in vaginas of dairy cows before and after exposure to bulls and their association with conception

Hazelton

Morton²,

Bosward

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

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Mycoplasma species can colonize the urogenital tract of dairy cattle. However, interrelationships between Mycoplasma spp. and reproductive performance in dairy herds are unclear. In this study, we measured apparent prevalences of Mycoplasma spp. in the vaginas of dairy cows (n = 629) pre-and post-bull exposure in dairy herds with and without Mycoplasma bovis clinical disease (n = 5 herds), and assessed associations between variables describing reproductive performance and consequent Mycoplasma spp. isolation. Mycoplasma spp. were infrequently isolated from the vagina pre-(1.9%; 12/629) and post-bull (3.2%; 20/629) exposure. Of the mycoplasmas isolated, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium was isolated most frequently (87.5%; 28/32), followed by Mycoplasma californicum (9.3%; 3/32). Mycoplasma bovis was only isolated from one cow. We were unable to provide any evidence of venereal transmission of M. bovis in cows in M. bovis-infected herds that use natural service bulls. There was an insufficient number of cows with Mycoplasma spp. in the vagina pre-bull exposure to assess effects on subsequent reproductive performance. Cows that had not conceived before post-bull exposure sampling had much greater odds (odds ratio 14.8; 95% confidence interval 4.2 to 52.3) of having a Mycoplasma sp. isolated from the vagina at this time compared with those that had conceived. Also, within those that had conceived, delayed conception increased the odds of having a Mycoplasma spp. isolated from the vagina at the post-bull exposure sampling by a factor of 1.62 for every additional week not pregnant. The likely cause of these findings is that cows that remain not pregnant for longer are more likely to be served by a bull (likely repeatedly) and subsequently become colonized with a Mycoplasma sp. (mostly M. bovigeni-talium) through venereal transmission. In dairy herds that use bulls, there is a greater chance of isolating a Mycoplasma sp. (mostly M. bovigenitalium) after a period of bull breedings from the vaginas of cows that have remained nonpregnant for longer during the bull breeding period.

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Isolation of Mycoplasma spp. and serological responses in bulls prior to and following their introduction into Mycoplasma bovis-infected dairy herds

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Development and application of a colloidal carbon test strip for the detection of antibodies against Mycoplasma bovis

Development and application of a colloidal carbon test strip for the detection of antibodies against Mycoplasma bovis

Immuno-Biological Properties of Vaginal Discharge in Healthy and Mycoplasmosis-Infected Cows

Mycoplasma species in vaginas of dairy cows before and after exposure to bulls and their association with conception

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