Isolation of Potential Phages against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Isolates: Promising Agents in the Rivers of Kathmandu, Nepal

Abstract

Bacteriophages are being the subject of interest for alternative antimicrobial therapy for infectious diseases in recent years. Therapeutic effectiveness regarding phage therapy is a matter of concern since it is the most promising biological treatment of this era. Hence, the present study was aimed to isolate the potential bacteriophages present in river water samples and to analyze their host range among clinical strains of bacteria. Ten different locations of Kathmandu valley were selected for the collection of river water for the detection of probable phages. Bacteriophages were isolated from water samples using the double agar overlay method. Isolated phages were purified by diluting in the SM-buffer and filtering through 0.22 μm filter. Purified lysate was further processed for analyzing its host range by using spot method. Their host range was characterized against 20 bacterial strains, including multidrug-resistant. Total 67 different phages were isolated against 8 different host organisms. Out of them, forty-seven phages were selected for analyzing its host range. Among them, Serratia phages (ΦSER) had the broad host range infecting 17 different bacterial strains including multidrug-resistant harboring ESBL and MBL genotypes. However, Klebsiella phages (ΦKP) had narrow host range in comparison to other phages. Isolated phages had the potential effect against clinical strains of bacteria along with their broader host spectrum. Most importantly, promising effect against MDR pathogens in this study has raised the probable chances of the utility of these phages for biological control of bacterial infection including MBL and ESBL strains.

Packaging Covered with Antiviral and Antibacterial Coatings Based on ZnO Nanoparticles Supplemented with Geraniol and Carvacrol

“…As a 1st step of the experiments, the bacteriophage phi6 was purified according to Bhetwal et al [ 27 ]. Then the phage lysate was prepared according to Bonilla et al [ 28 ].…”

Polyethylene Films Coated with Antibacterial and Antiviral Layers Based on CO2 Extracts of Raspberry Seeds, of Pomegranate Seeds and of Rosemary

“…As a first step of the antiviral properties analysis, the phage phi6 was purified based on the method of Bhetwal et al [23]. The bacteriophage lysate was then prepared according to Bonilla et al [24].…”

Therapeutic Application of Bacteriophage PHB02 and Its Putative Depolymerase Against Pasteurella multocida Capsular Type A in Mice

“…Phages have been isolated from all environments in which bacteria exist. Phages demonstrate high specificity and effectiveness in killing bacterial pathogens, especially multidrug-resistant bacteria ( Bhetwal et al, 2017 ; Reindel and Fiore, 2017 ; Cha et al, 2018 ). There are a few reports on P. multocida phages, with only a few temperate phage genomes studied in depth ( Campoy et al, 2006 ).…”

“…Recently, there have been several reports on the successful application of lytic phages in the treatment of clinical multidrug-resistant bacterial strains ( Bhetwal et al, 2017 ; Reindel and Fiore, 2017 ; Cha et al, 2018 ). These phages inhibited or killed the bacterial pathogens but were harmless to the animal or human host ( Brunel and Guery, 2017 ; Cheng et al, 2018 ).…”