Isolation of Salmonella and Some Other Potential Pathogens from Two Chicken Breeding Farms in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Different salmonella serotypes were recovered from various sources in meat (A) and layer (B) poultry-breeder farms of Saudi Arabia. On farm A, salmonella were recovered from intestines of poultry breeders (7.41%), inshelled chicken embryos (2.87%), day-old chicks (19.23%), and mice (21.43%). Salmonellae in shell contents and on shell surfaces of hatching eggs contaminated the same percentage of eggs (1.24%), and litter and feed contaminations were 4.0% and 1.67%, respectively. On farm B, salmonella were recovered from intestines of poultry breeders (27.59%), mice intestines (15.0%), shells of hatching eggs (2.48%), hatching egg contents (0.35%), litter (33.33%), and feed (5.0%). No salmonella were recovered from intestines of inshelled chick embryos or day-old chicks on farm B. The total number of salmonella serotypes isolated from both farms was 14, and the serotypes common to both farms were Salmonella concord and S. livingstone. Salmonella contamination of shells of hatching eggs, pooled from both farms, was higher for dirty floor eggs than for clean eggs collected from floors and nests. The percentages of hatching eggs penetrated by bacteria other than salmonella on farms A and B, respectively, were: dirty floor eggs (25.53%, 22.83%), clean floor eggs (2.67%, 2.06%) and clean nest eggs (0.00%, 1.08%). The bacterial flora isolated from egg contents of unincubated hatching eggs (in decreasing order of frequency) were Staphylococcus, coliforms, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Salmonella, and Proteus.

Survey of Salmonella Contamination in Chicken Layer Farms in Three Caribbean Countries

“…The need for good biosecurity practices and disinfection cannot be overem phasized, particularly between introducing new batches of birds to the pens to avoid residual contamination from the preceding flocks (17). The overall frequency of isolation of Salmonella from farm environments in the current study (17.8%) is within the range of 0.95 to 33.3% reported for other countries (6,34).…”

“…The frequency of isolation of Salmonella reported elsewhere has ranged from 4 to 12% in layer birds (3,16), from 0.95 to 33.3% for layer farm environments or litters (6,34), from 12.6 to 19.2% for imported day-old chicks (6,31), from 0.35 to 1.24% for hatching eggs (6), and from 13 to 29% for hatcheries (13,35). Rodents also have been documented as a potential source of Salmonella in layer farm environments (22,23,38).…”

Distribution of drug resistance among enterococci and Salmonella from poultry and cattle in Ethiopia

“…(Oloya et al 2007). The prevalence in poultry Amo ( was higher than that in cattle, possibly because of the high density stocking in poultry which may facilitate horizontal transmission of pathogen (Barbour and Nabbut 1982). In Ethiopia, cattle graze in the open and the chance for horizontal transmission of pathogens is limited.…”

Chromosomal Integration of the Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Gene bla CTX-M-15 in Salmonella enterica Serotype Concord Isolates from Internationally Adopted Children

“…Two main classes of plasmid ␤-lactamases that inactivate ESC have been identified in Salmonella: the Ambler class A extended-spectrum ␤-lactamases (ESBLs), the most prevalent class in the genus, and the Ambler class C cephamycinases. Most ESBLs belong to three families, TEM, SHV, and CTX-M (2). Over the last decade, CTX-Ms have been described in many species (including several Salmonella serotypes) and plasmids from nosocomial and community settings and have become the most prevalent family of ESBLs globally (7).…”

“…It was identified for the first time in 1944 from four cultures, three of which were isolated from fatal infections in chicks in the United States and one from the stools of a patient affected in a small outbreak of food poisoning in England (14). In the early 1980s, Concord was isolated in chicken-breeding farms in Saudi Arabia (2). Two sporadic ESBL-producing isolates of serotype Concord were reported in recent studies.…”