Isolation of Saprolegnia and the Influence of RootEthanolic Extract of Ruta graveolens on Saprolegnia. SppGrowth

Abstract

Abstract-Aquatic fungi of the genus saprolegnia often cause serious damage to fresh water fish such as rainbow trout. Malachite green is quite an effective antifungal agent but it is teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. Other antifungal agents like hydrogen peroxide, formalin, sodium chloride, have some negative points, so an alternative antifungal agent is needed to be effective and safe, not synthetic but natural substance like plant metabolits. Ruta graveolens is an herbal plant which is traditionally used as an energizer and an anti-bleeding to heal injuries. Many of Ruta species contain various natural components that are anti-fungal and phytotoxic. In this experimental research antifungal effect of ethanolic extract of Ruta graveolens root on saprolegnia, in vitro by diffusion tests (disk and well) and dilution tests (MIC and MFC nomination) was studied. It was shown that root ethanolic extract of Ruta graveolens had antifugnal effects and prevented from saprolegnia growth .MIC of ethanolic extracts was determined to be 25×10 3 μg/ml.

Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Ruta graveolens L. - A Medicinal Plant Grown around Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia

“…Chemicals like, alkaloids, coumarins, terpenoids, volatile substances, furoquinolines and flavonoids have been isolated from Ruta graveolens [24]. Presence of saponin, tannins and glycosides are reported by Hashemi et al [25]. Volatile oils contain high content of aliphatic acids, ketones and alcohols [26].…”

Conventional Identification of Pathogenic Fungi Isolated from Fresh Water Aquarium Fish (O. niloticus and C. gariepinus) Combined with Molecular Identification of Saprolegnia parasitica in Egypt

“…Saprolegniasis causes numerous damages in natural ecosystems and essential economic losses for the aquaculture industries. The presence of such disease is correlated to seed stage, mechanical injury, stress, immunocompromise, diminishes water quality, poor hygiene and crowdness (Osman et al, 2010;Karouei et al, 2012). The growing sign of the infection is characteristically established as a relativity superficial, cotton-wool like, white growth of mycelia on the fish skin especially around the head, dorsal and caudal fins, gills, in muscular layer and internal organs (Chauhan et al, 2014).…”

Ruta graveolens methanol extract, fungal-mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles, and their combinations inhibit pathogenic bacteria

“…These substances demonstrated antioxidant, antiparasitic, and antibacterial action against several bacterial strains [41]. When the tested extract was compared to available data on the oil content of other R. graveolens samples, the chemical composition of the tested extract significantly changed, and several quantitative and qualitative discrepancies were revealed [42]. The occurrence of several chemotypes can most likely be used to explain these chemical distinctions [43].…”

“…An earlier investigation into the phytochemical composition of several solvent extracts of R. graveolens revealed the presence of additional classes of molecules, including phenols, glycosides, phenolic compounds, and cardiac glycolipids [41]. According to Hashemi et al (2011) saponin, tannins, and glycosides are present [42]. The occurrence of several chemotypes can most likely be used to explain these chemical distinctions [41].…”