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Marker-assisted breeding serves as a potent tool for screening target germplasm, assessing genetic diversity, and determining breeding potential of a crop. Therefore, inter primer binding site (iPBS)-retrotransposons marker system was employed to evaluate a collection of 33 Brassica genotypes, including 10 Brassica juncea, 5 B. oleracea, 7 Sinapis alba, 5 B. nigra, and 6 B. rapa, were utilized to evaluate their genetic diversity and variations 10 polymorphic primers that generated a total of 144 bands. Various diversity indices were calculated in the studied germplasm, including polymorphism information content (0.13–0.30), effective number of alleles (1.217–1.689), Shannon’s information index (0.244–0.531), and gene diversity (0.148–0.370). These indices collectively affirmed substantial genetic variations within the germplasm. Molecular variance analysis revealed that the majority (62%) of genetic variations were present within populations. The Brassica accessions were categorized into three populations utilizing a model-based structure algorithm. Evaluation of diversity indices based on the structure indicated that populations III and II exhibited higher diversity. Principal coordinate analysis and neighbor-joining analysis further corroborated the three distinct populations, confirming the reliability of the STRUCTURE analysis. Notably, the genetic distance assessment identified BN1 and BN3 from B. nigra species and the genotypes BO1 and BO3 from B. oleracea as genetically diverse mustard accessions. The extensive genetic diversity observed within the Brassica germplasm underscores its significance as a valuable genetic resource for comprehensive Brassica breeding programs. Moreover, these accessions hold promise as suitable candidates for heterosis breeding initiatives aimed at improving mustard production.
Marker-assisted breeding serves as a potent tool for screening target germplasm, assessing genetic diversity, and determining breeding potential of a crop. Therefore, inter primer binding site (iPBS)-retrotransposons marker system was employed to evaluate a collection of 33 Brassica genotypes, including 10 Brassica juncea, 5 B. oleracea, 7 Sinapis alba, 5 B. nigra, and 6 B. rapa, were utilized to evaluate their genetic diversity and variations 10 polymorphic primers that generated a total of 144 bands. Various diversity indices were calculated in the studied germplasm, including polymorphism information content (0.13–0.30), effective number of alleles (1.217–1.689), Shannon’s information index (0.244–0.531), and gene diversity (0.148–0.370). These indices collectively affirmed substantial genetic variations within the germplasm. Molecular variance analysis revealed that the majority (62%) of genetic variations were present within populations. The Brassica accessions were categorized into three populations utilizing a model-based structure algorithm. Evaluation of diversity indices based on the structure indicated that populations III and II exhibited higher diversity. Principal coordinate analysis and neighbor-joining analysis further corroborated the three distinct populations, confirming the reliability of the STRUCTURE analysis. Notably, the genetic distance assessment identified BN1 and BN3 from B. nigra species and the genotypes BO1 and BO3 from B. oleracea as genetically diverse mustard accessions. The extensive genetic diversity observed within the Brassica germplasm underscores its significance as a valuable genetic resource for comprehensive Brassica breeding programs. Moreover, these accessions hold promise as suitable candidates for heterosis breeding initiatives aimed at improving mustard production.
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary is a devastating disease infecting hundreds of plant species. It also restricts the yield, quality, and safe production of rapeseed (Brassica napus) worldwide. However, the lack of resistance sources and genes to S. sclerotiorum has greatly restricted rapeseed SSR-resistance breeding. In this study, a previously identified GDSL motif-containing lipase gene, Brassica napus GDSL LIPASE-LIKE 1 (BnaC07.GLIP1), encoding a protein localized to the intercellular space, was characterized as functioning in plant immunity to S. sclerotiorum. The BnaC07.GLIP1 promoter is S. sclerotiorum-inducible and the expression of BnaC07.GLIP1 is substantially enhanced after S. sclerotiorum infection. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) heterologously expressing and rapeseed lines overexpressing BnaC07.GLIP1 showed enhanced resistance to S. sclerotiorum, whereas RNAi suppression and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout B. napus lines were hyper-susceptible to S. sclerotiorum. Moreover, BnaC07.GLIP1 affected the lipid composition and induced the production of phospholipid molecules, such as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid, which were correlated with decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced expression of defense-related genes. A B. napus bZIP44 transcription factor specifically binds the CGTCA motif of the BnaC07.GLIP1 promoter to positively regulate its expression. BnbZIP44 responded to S. sclerotiorum infection, and its heterologous expression inhibited ROS accumulation, thereby enhancing S. sclerotiorum resistance in Arabidopsis. Thus, BnaC07.GLIP1 functions downstream of BnbZIP44 and is involved in S. sclerotiorum resistance by modulating the production of phospholipid molecules and ROS homeostasis in B. napus, providing insights into the potential roles and functional mechanisms of BnaC07.GLIP1 in plant immunity and for improving rapeseed SSR disease-resistance breeding.
BackgroundThe global prevalence of diabetes among adults over 18 years of age is expected to increase from 10.5% to 12.2% (between 2021 and 2045). Plants can be a cost-effective source of flavonoids like quercetin and kaempferol with anti-diabetic properties.MethodologyWe aimed to assess the antidiabetic potential of leaves of Brassica oleracea cvs. Green Sprout and Marathon. Further, flavonoid contents were measured in broccoli leaves grown under light and dark conditions. The methanolic extracts of Green Sprout (GSL-M) and Marathon (ML-M) were first evaluated in vitro for their α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and then for antidiabetic activity in vivo in alloxan-induced diabetic rat models.ResultsTreatment with plant extracts promoted the reduced glutathione (GSH) content and CAT, POD, and SOD activities in the pancreas, liver, kidney, heart, and brain of diabetic rats, whereas lowered lipid peroxidation, H2O2, and nitrite concentrations. The histopathological studies revealed the protective effect of plant extracts at high dose (300 mg/kg), which could be due to broccoli’s rich content of chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol. Strikingly, etiolated leaves of broccoli manifested higher levels of quercetin and kaempferol than green ones. The putative role of an ABC transporter in the accumulation of quercetin and kaempferol in etiolated leaves was observed as evaluated by qRT-PCR and in silico analyses.ConclusionIn conclusion, the present study shows a strong link between the antidiabetic potential of broccoli due to the presence of chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol and the role of an ABC transporter in their accumulation within the vacuole.
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