Isolation of tumour-reactive lymphocytes from peripheral blood via microfluidic immunomagnetic cell sorting

Understanding the heterogeneous immune repertoire of brain metastases for designing next‐gen therapeutics

“…as their molecular signature closely resembles that of circulating tumor-reactive T cells. [55] These findings open up avenues for the design of new-generation therapies targeting brain metastases (Figure 3). To monitor and manage brain metastases, the dynamics of CXCL13 þ CD39 þ cells in peripheral blood could serve as a significant prognostic biomarker to predict treatment responses and customize treatment plans.…”

“…Based on the prevailing hypothesis, T cells in the tumor microenvironment can be roughly classified into three states as illustrated in Figure 2 and Table 2: bystander T cells (PD-1 low CD39 low CD103 low CXCL13 low ), [50,52] tumor-reactive T cells (PD-1 lowmed CD39 med CD103 med CXCL13 med ), [58,68,69] and exhausted T cells (PD-1 high CD39 high CD103 high CXCL13 high ). [55,65,66] Indeed, tumor-reactive T cell populations are the primary responders to immunotherapy. [70,71] Therefore, the molecular signature of tumor-reactive T cells observed in brain metastases correlates well with the established features of tumorreactive T cells in various primary tumors, [72] suggesting that similar strategies could be employed to design immunotherapies against brain metastases.…”

“…[54] � Some recent studies suggest that these cells may present in non-tumor tissues, such as peripheral blood. [55,56] ZNF683 [57] CD103 med [55] , CD39 med [58] , PD-1 med [59] , CXCL13 med [60] Exhausted T cells � T cells that present in the tumor microenvironment for a long period and chronically are exposed to tumor antigens. [61] These cells have reduced functionality, such as proliferation and killing.…”

“…Current research has discovered some strategies to rescue T cells from exhaustion for better anti-tumor immunity. [63] PRDM1 [64] , TOX2 [64] CD103 high [55,57] , CD39 [65] , IL-7R low [49] , CXCL13 high [66] , PD-1 high [67] Abbreviation: PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1.…”

Apta FastZ: An Algorithm for the Rapid Identification of Aptamers with Defined Binding Affinities

“…We recently reported Pro-SELEX, an approach that combines particle display, quantitative selection, , and bioinformatics for the rapid discovery of aptamers with precisely defined binding affinities . A step-by-step explanation of Pro-SELEX can be found in the Supporting Information.…”