Isomaltulose (Palatinose®): a review of biological and toxicological studies

Lina, B.A.R.; Jonker, D.; Kozianowski, G.

doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00105-9

Cited by 270 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Palatinose is slowly digested so that glucose is liberated in the ileal lumen. Palatinose is as sweet as glucose and about half as sweet as sucrose (11). Its sweetness level and its ability to generate glucose suggest that palatinose may stimulate GLP-1 secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sucrose consists of glucose and fructose connected through an ␣ -1,2-glucosidic bond. Unlike sucrose, palatinose is slowly hydrolyzed by brush-border isomaltase ( 9 , 10 ); however, it is completely digested and absorbed as monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) in the small intestine ( 11 ). Several papers have demonstrated that palatinose treatment is effective in preventing postprandial hyperglycemia and in improving insulin sensitivity (12)(13)(14)(15)(16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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GLP-1 Secretion in Response to Oral and Luminal Palatinose (Isomaltulose) in Rats

Hira

Muramatsu

Okuno

et al. 2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Palatinose (isomaltulose), a slowly digested disaccharide, is used as a noncariogenic sugar and as a sucrose substitute in several foods. Because of its ability to lower postprandial glycemia, palatinose may be beneficial as a treatment for impaired glucose metabolism. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) improves glycemia via enhancing pancreatic beta-cell functions. The secretion of GLP-1 is stimulated by sugars, including glucose and artificial sweeteners. In this study, we examined whether palatinose induced GLP-1 secretion in vivo and in vitro. Firstly, portal GLP-1 and glucose were measured after oral administration of palatinose or sucrose in conscious rats. Secondly, portal GLP-1 and glucose were measured after jejunal or ileal administration of each sugar in anesthetized rats. Finally, GLUTag, a murine GLP-1-producing cell line, was exposed to several sugars, including palatinose and sucrose, to observe the direct effect of these sugars on GLP-1 secretion. Compared with sucrose, palatinose enhanced portal GLP-1 level when administered orally in conscious rats. Both palatinose and sucrose induced a significant increase in portal GLP-1 after jejunal or ileal administration of each sugar in anesthetized rats. Ileal administration triggered a greater response than did jejunal administration. Glycemic responses were higher in sucrose-treated rats than in palatinose-treated rats in every experiment. In GLUTag cells, glucose induced a significant increase in GLP-1 secretion, but neither sucrose nor palatinose had an effect. These data demonstrate that luminal palatinose induces GLP-1 secretion in rats. However, it is likely that GLP-1 secretion is triggered mainly by glucose released in the lumen rather than by palatinose itself. Key Words palatinose, isomaltulose, GLP-1, enteroendocrine cells Achieving glycemic control is critical for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and other disorders of glucose metabolism. Inhibitors of ␣ -amylase or ␣ -glucosidase are used to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia by delaying carbohydrate metabolism and thereby reducing glucose absorption from the gut. Delaying carbohydrate metabolism also enhances the secretion of a gut hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) ( 1 ). When intact carbohydrates reach the distal small intestine, they are slowly digested there, and glucose is released into the lumen. The middle and distal regions of the small intestine contain "L-type'' enteroendocrine cells that produce GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-2, and/ or peptide-YY ( 2 ). Luminal glucose is a potent stimulator of GLP-1 secretion from L cells ( 3 , 4 ).GLP-1 has several biological functions: it protects pancreatic ␤ -cells, and it enhances ␤ -cell proliferation and the release of insulin. GLP-1 attenuates hyperglycemia acutely via insulin release; in addition, long-term treatment with GLP-1 or its analogue improves insulinsensitivity in animal models and in human subjects (5)(6)(7)(8). Given the functions of GLP-1 and the location of the cells that secrete it, it is important to ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

GLP-1 Secretion in Response to Oral and Luminal Palatinose (Isomaltulose) in Rats

Hira

Muramatsu

Okuno

et al. 2011

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…Both disaccharides elicited almost opposing profiles of GIP and GLP-1, which is well explained by the slow cleavage of the 1,6-disaccharide bond in Palatinose as compared with the 1,2-disaccharide bond in sucrose by intestinal glucosidases (5). Therefore, Palatinose bypasses the upper intestinal K cells producing GIP and reaches the more distally located L cells producing GLP-1.…”

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confidence: 97%

Effects of Palatinose and Sucrose Intake on Glucose Metabolism and Incretin Secretion in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2015

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“…nose is completely absorbed, it has the specific characteristics of delayed digestion and absorption (Dahlquist et al 1963;Lina et al 2002). We have developed a novel palatinose-based enteral formula, designated PBF, as a possible therapeutic means for improving postprandial hyperglycemia, and thus its accompanying conditions and complications (Arai et al 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Palatinose-Based Balanced Formula Improves Glucose Tolerance, Serum Free Fatty Acid Levels and Body Fat Composition

Oizumi

Daimon

Jimbu

et al. 2007

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Palatinose is a disaccharide present in honey, which has the characteristics of delayed digestion and absorption. We developed a palatinosebased balanced formula (PBF) and reported its beneficial effects on metabolic syndromerelated parameters in rats. To examine the effects of PBF in humans, we here conducted a crossover study using twenty-three subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. The subjects were divided into two groups: intervention to control (I/C) and control to intervention (C/I) groups. The I/C group consumed PBF (250 kcal) together with foods that were 250 kcal less than their usual breakfast (intervention meal) for the first 12 weeks, followed by their usual breakfast (control meal) for the last 12 weeks. The protocol for the C/I group was opposite in order: the control meal for the first 12 weeks, followed by the intervention meal for the last 12 weeks. In the first 12-week period, the intervention meal decreased 2-hr plasma glucose levels after 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (-15.7 ± 20.1% change), while the control meal did not (0.8 ± 31.6% change). The difference between these changes was significant ( p = 0.038). The similar results were obtained from the comparison of the changes between the first and the last 12-week periods in the two groups combined (intervention vs control: -11.8 ± 22.5 vs 11.2 ± 30.2% change, p = 0.024). PBF also had the beneficial effects on serum free fatty acids levels and visceral fat area. In conclusion, PBF consumption has beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome-related parameters in humans.palatinose; free fatty acid; visceral fat area; glucose tolerance; metabolic syndrome © 2007 Tohoku University Medical Press As shown in many studies, sustained hyperglycemia is a risk factor for both microvascular and macrovascular (or cardiovascular) complications in type 2 diabetes (DM) (Laakso and Lehto 1997; UK Prospective Diabetes Study group 1998; Bretzel et al. 1998), while postprandial

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Isomaltulose (Palatinose®): a review of biological and toxicological studies

Cited by 270 publications

References 29 publications

GLP-1 Secretion in Response to Oral and Luminal Palatinose (Isomaltulose) in Rats

GLP-1 Secretion in Response to Oral and Luminal Palatinose (Isomaltulose) in Rats

Effects of Palatinose and Sucrose Intake on Glucose Metabolism and Incretin Secretion in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

A Palatinose-Based Balanced Formula Improves Glucose Tolerance, Serum Free Fatty Acid Levels and Body Fat Composition

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