Isomerization Accompanying Alkylation. VI. Reaction of Isobutylene and 2-Butene with Benzene^1,2

Abstract

method would be expected to depend primarily on the efficiency of the fractionating column. Precaution.-Liquid anhydrous hydrogen fluoride produces severe burns on contact with the skin. Proper protective measures should be employed in handling this material.Acknowledgment.-The samples of pure siloxanes and other silicones were made available for this research through the kindness of the Silicone Division, of the General Electric Co. and the Dow-Corning Company. The research was part of a project sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, U. S. Navy. SummaryMethyl silicones, and other re-alkyl silicones were found to be rapidly and completely converted to their equivalent alkylfluorosilanes by reaction with liquid, anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in the presence of anhydrous copper sulfate at atmospheric pressure. The reaction was developed into an analytical method for determining the silicone content and functional composition of methyl silicone products. The gaseous methyl fluorosilanes are first contacted with Drierite granules, to remove moisture, and then with sodium fluoride pellets, to remove residual hydrogen fluoride. Finally, the gases are condensed and separated into pure methylfluorosilane components by quantitative fractional distillation.

Dehydration, Dienes, High Octane, and High Pressures: Contributions from Vladimir Nikolaevich Ipatieff, a Father of Catalysis

“…However, due to the technological significance (EB and cumene have octane numbers of 112), secrecy orders from the U.S. Patent Office forbade publications of the results in the open literature until 1946 . SPA was the catalyst then used commercially for aromatic alkylation until the advent of shape selective zeolites in the 1980s. , Ipatieff continued mechanistic studies of the reaction throughout his career, noting that that for alkenes where isomerization has a competitive rate to alkylation, mixtures of aromatic products results. , …”

“…69,70 Ipatieff continued mechanistic studies of the reaction throughout his career, noting that that for alkenes where isomerization has a competitive rate to alkylation, mixtures of aromatic products results. 71,72 Paraffin Alkylation. In the early 1930s, the analytical method for determination of the alkene content in a hydrocarbon fraction was to shake with H 2 SO 4 to sulfonate the alkene.…”

Isomerization

“…review covers the literature on isomerization for the past two years and supplements three previous annual reviews (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Items of particular interest include the following:…”

“…The isomerization of acetylenic hydrocarbons with metal oxide catalysts has been the subject of a series of Russian articles, of which the most recent one is listed (24). Isomerization reactions accompanying alkylation have been discussed in a number of interesting papers (17,18,23,26,37,38).…”