Isomerization of <i>n</i>-Butane over Cost-Effective Mordenite Catalysts Fabricated via Recrystallization of Natural Zeolites

Kurniawan, Teguh; Muraza, Oki; Bakare, Idris A.; Al-Amer, Adnan M.

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04040

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This trend between acid site quantity and rates of reaction can also be seen in conversion/selectivity relationships, as shown in a study by Kurniawan et al, investigating butane isomerization with recrystallized natural zeolites [68]. Here the quantity of BAS was found to increase with recrystallisation time.…”

Section: Influence Of Acid Site Densitysupporting

confidence: 67%

Butane Isomerization as a Diagnostic Tool in the Rational Design of Solid Acid Catalysts

et al. 2020

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The growing demand for isobutane as a vital petrochemical feedstock and chemical intermediate has for many decades surpassed industrial outputs that can be supplied through liquified petroleum gases. Alternative methods to resource the isobutane market have been explored, primarily the isomerization of linear n-butane to the substituted isobutane. To date the isobutane market is valued at over 20 billion US dollars, enticing researchers to seek unique and novel catalytic materials to improve on current commercial practices. Two main classes of catalysts have dominated the butane isomerization literature in the last few decades; namely microporous zeolites and sulfated zirconia. Both have been widely researched for butane isomerization, to the point where key catalytic descriptors such as acidity, framework topology and metal doping are becoming well understood. While this provides new researchers with a roadmap for developing new materials, it is has also begun developing into an invaluable tool for diagnosing and understanding the effect of these individual descriptors on catalytic properties. In this review we explore the different factors that influence the active site behavior of particularly zeolites and sulfated zirconia catalysts towards understanding the use of butane isomerization as a diagnostic tool for solid-acid catalysts.

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Section: Influence Of Acid Site Densitysupporting

confidence: 67%

Butane Isomerization as a Diagnostic Tool in the Rational Design of Solid Acid Catalysts

et al. 2020

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“…The zeolite catalysts must be operated at a higher temperature, typically 200°C to 300°C because of their weaker acidity compared with the Cl-Al 2 O 3 and SZ catalysts. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In conclusion, the SZ-based catalysts not only have a satisfied catalytic performance in n-alkane isomerization compared with the Pt/Cl-Al 2 O 3 catalysts but also have no problem with the loss of active components. Admittedly, the SZ catalyst shows high isomerization activity even without the promotion of noble metal, despite of the lower catalytic stability.…”

Section: Why Sulfated Zirconia?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From this point, the zeolite catalysts are thermodynamically less favorable in n ‐alkane isomerization despite that there are many attempts made on them. The zeolite catalysts must be operated at a higher temperature, typically 200°C to 300°C because of their weaker acidity compared with the Cl‐Al 2 O 3 and SZ catalysts . In conclusion, the SZ‐based catalysts not only have a satisfied catalytic performance in n ‐alkane isomerization compared with the Pt/Cl‐Al 2 O 3 catalysts but also have no problem with the loss of active components.…”

Section: Why Sulfated Zirconia?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkane isomerization over sulfated zirconia solid acid system

et al. 2020

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Summary Sulfated zirconia (SZ) and its modified versions attract great interest in recent years, because of their promising potential in n‐alkane isomerization. The oxidative and protonation routes are active and interactional in n‐alkane activation over SZ catalysts. The bimolecular reaction becomes dominant with increasing the density of active sites on SZ surface and decreasing the carbon chain of feed. Pentane and hexane are mainly isomerized by protonated cyclopropane mechanism, while which is thermodynamically unflavored for n‐butane isomerization. The deactivation of SZ catalysts is primarily caused by the loss of superacidity and oxidizing ability, resulted from the structure changes of sulfate species. Several strategies for improving the activity of SZ are reviewed. The intrinsic structure‐reactivity relationship of SZ catalysts in alkane isomerization is updated to illuminate the prerequisite for the highly active catalysts and the mechanism of active sites formation. The applications of Pt/SZ in fixed‐bed and unmodified SZ in circulating fluidizing bed in light alkanes isomerization are compared with the conventional technologies based on the chlorinated alumina catalysts. Finally, the future study of SZ catalysts is outlooked from the academic investigations to the industrial applications.

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“…Untuk mendapatkan data yang lebih komprehensif, dan sekaligus sebagai pembanding dicoba pula menggunakan ZAB yang telah diaktivasi dengan 1 N NaOH. Adapun metode pengaktifasian atau perlakuan awal mengacu pada penelitian sebelumnya, dan pembilasan dengan akuades sebanyaks 4 kali dan ditiriskan, lalu dioven selama 2 jam pada suhu 110°C (6,8) .…”

Section: Bahanunclassified

Pengujian Zeolit Alam Mordenit Sebagai Penjerap Proses Pendegradasian Kandungan Amonium di dalam Air Tambak

Nuryoto

Kurniawan²,

Kustiningsih³

2020

Jurtekling

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Indonesia has an abundant quantity of natural zeolites that have not yet been utilized maximally. On the other hand, fishpond farmers have a problem regarding the presence of ammonium in the fishpond water which will negatively impact to survival of fish, especially small fish. To solve this problem, this research was utilizing natural zeolite to degrade ammonium in the fishpond water. This research aimed to test mordenite natural zeolite from Bayah as an adsorbent to collaborate some variables impact to reach more maximal adsorption. The variables that were used to be observed were: mordenite natural zeolite from Bayah as an adsorbent which has been activated by 1-7 N H2SO4 and the other was without activation, ammonium concentration of 80-800 ppm, the particle size of adsorbent of 80 and 150 mesh, stirring speed of 600 and 800 rpm, and without stirring by duration adsorption time of 60 minutes. The research results showed that mordenite natural zeolite after activated was able to adsorb of 100% ammonium, while for the mordenite natural zeolite from Bayah without stirring was of 80%, by the same absorption time. These results will give significant benefits for fishpond farmers to increase their productivity because of the increase in fish survival.Keywords: adsorption, adsorbent, zeolite, amoniumABSTRAKKandungan zeolit alam di Indonesia cukup melimpah dan belum termanfaatkan secara maksimal. Pada sisi lain petani tambak dihadapkan pada masalah terdapatnya kandungan amonium di dalam air tambak, yang akan berdampak negatif bagi keberlangsungan hidup ikan, terutama ikan yang masih kecil. Penelitian ini mencoba memanfaatkan zeolit alam guna mendegradasi kandungan amonium dalam air tambak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan pengujian terhadap zeolit alam mordenit dari Bayah sebagai adsorben, baik dilakukan dengan pengadukan maupun tanpa pengadukan, serta mengkolaborasi beberapa variabel yang berpengaruh agar hasil adsorpsi lebih maksimal. Observasi dilakukan dengan zeolit alam mordenit dari Bayah yang telah diaktivasi dengan 1-7 N H2SO4 maupun tanpa aktivasi, rentang konsentrasi larutan amonium 80-800 ppm, ukuran partikel adsorben 80 dan 150 mesh, kecepatan pengadukan 600 dan 800 rpm, dan tanpa pengadukan serta lamanya waktu penyerapan 60 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukan hasil yang sangat baik, dan secara umum zeolit alam mordenit Bayah teraktivasi telah mampu melakukan adsorpsi amonium sebesar 100%, sedangkan untuk zeolit alam mordenit Bayah tanpa pengadukan sebesar 80% pada waktu adsorpsi yang sama.Kata kunci: adsorpsi, adsorben, zeolit, amonium

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Isomerization of n-Butane over Cost-Effective Mordenite Catalysts Fabricated via Recrystallization of Natural Zeolites

Cited by 30 publications

References 25 publications

Butane Isomerization as a Diagnostic Tool in the Rational Design of Solid Acid Catalysts

Butane Isomerization as a Diagnostic Tool in the Rational Design of Solid Acid Catalysts

Alkane isomerization over sulfated zirconia solid acid system

Pengujian Zeolit Alam Mordenit Sebagai Penjerap Proses Pendegradasian Kandungan Amonium di dalam Air Tambak

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