Isospecific polymerizations of 1-butene catalyzed by MgCl2/TiCl4/internal donor-AlR3/external donor system

Stereospecific polymerization of olefins with supported Ziegler − Natta catalysts

“…Then a higher catalyst yield (>25 kg and >30 kg PB‐1 (g Ti) −1 ) was obtained with the supported Z‐N catalyst system with adjustment of the internal donor and external donor. Similarly, for isotactic PP, research has been limited to optimization of polymerization conditions and supported catalyst systems including internal, external donors and the third component . It was worth mentioning that reactor granule technology along with the appearance of fourth generation spherical supported Z‐N catalysts played an important role in the innovation and commercialization of isotactic PP, which supplied a mirror for the synthesis of PB‐1 alloys based on the well‐controlled spherical morphology of isotactic PB‐1 with supported Z‐N catalysts.…”

MgCl2-Supported Titanium Ziegler-Natta Catalyst Using Carbon Dioxide-Based Poly(propylene ether carbonate) Diols as Internal Electron Donor for 1-Butene Polymerization

“…The cocatalyst triethylaluminium (TEA) plays a critical role in Ziegler-Natta catalyst system, which can initiate the catalyst and the concentration of cocatalyst can affect the valence of Ti in the active centers and then affect the performance of the catalyst [30]. So, the effect of Al/Ti molar ratio was studied in the absence of ED (Table 3, runs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5).…”

“…When compared with run 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 without ED, the addition of CHMMS during the polymerization process greatly increased the isotacticity index of PB from 76.4% to 90.3%. Generally, the ED could decrease both the concentration of isotactic and atactic active centers, but atactic active centers decreased much more [30,33]. As a result, it reduced the catalyst activity but effectively increased the isotacticity index of PB.…”

Application of successive self-nucleation and annealing (SSA) to poly(1-butene) prepared by Ziegler–Natta catalysts with different external donors

“…Kudinova et al 13 reported that use of polydentate phosphine oxides as electron donors for TiCl 4 -MgCl 2 catalysts could obtain highly isotactic poly-(1-butene) and the isotactic index could reach 92.4% when the external donor was iso-AmP(O) (CH 2 OMe) 2 . Ren et al 14 studied diphenyl-dimethoxysilane and cyclohexyl-methyldimethoxysilane as external donors for TiCl 4 -MgCl 2 catalysts. These external donors could improve the catalytic activity slightly and sharply increased the isotactic index, and cyclohexyl-methyl-dimethoxysilane has been found to be a more effective electron donor than diphenyl-dimethoxysilane.…”