Isotopic analyses and hydrochemistry of the thermal springs along the eastern side of the Jordan Dead Sea—Wadi Araba Rift Valley

Salameh, Elias; Rimawi, Omar

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(84)90036-2

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…7. As already pointed out by Salameh and Rimawi (1984), most of the samples lie between the Mediterranean Meteoric Water Line (MMWL; Gat and Carmi, 1970) and the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL; Craig, 1963) with slight shifts of Mincral Spring (North Shuna) and Afra thermal baths. Conversely, a larger significant rightwards shift occurs for the three selected samples of El Ma'in.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of thermal waters from the eastern flank of the Dead Sea Rift Valley (western Jordan)

et al. 2003

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Thermal waters emerging along the eastern flank of the northernmost part of the Dead Sea Rift Valley close to the Yarmuk river are dilute, Ca–SO4–(HCO3) and Na–Cl water types with measured temperatures of 35–60 °C and estimated teperatures, according to silica solubility, of 60–110 °C. They are fed only by present‐day recharged meteoric waters (Wadi Hasa, Al Himma and North Shuna thermal baths) and by meteoric waters contaminated with saline waters (El Ma'in thermal Bath). Although they have been known for a long time, there is still dispute about their origins and the source of heat. On the basis of new chemical and isotopic analyses, the saline waters could represent residual pockets of groundwater in equilibrium with those filling the Dead Sea depression before the last retreat of Lake Lisan at 17–15 kyr bp or with the ancient seawaters of the Sedom Lagoon in the early Pleistocene, in both cases unaffected by significant evaporation processes but chemically and isotopically modified by water/rock interaction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of thermal waters from the eastern flank of the Dead Sea Rift Valley (western Jordan)

et al. 2003

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“…Clark and Fritz 1997;Herczeg et al 2001). These techniques were previously employed for investigations of the hydrogeology of active rift systems such as the East African Rift, Dead Sea Rift and Rio Grande Rift (Salameh and Rimawi 1984;Kebede et al 2008;Chowdhury et al 2008;Bretzler et al 2011). In such tectonic settings, variable lithology due to different episodes of volcanic eruptions, high geothermal gradients and emergence in the rift of mantle gases (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater flow dynamics in the complex aquifer system of Gidabo River Basin (Ethiopian Rift): a multi-proxy approach

et al. 2016

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Hydrochemical and isotope data in conjunction with hydraulic head and spring discharge observations were used to characterize the regional groundwater flow dynamics and the role of the tectonic setting in the Gidabo River Basin, Ethiopian Rift. Both groundwater levels and hydrochemical and isotopic data indicate groundwater flow from the major recharge area in the highland and escarpment into deep rift floor aquifers, suggesting a deep regional flow system can be distinguished from the shallow local aquifers. The δ O values, the thermal groundwater is found to be recharged in the highland around 2,600 m a.s.l. and on average mixed with a proportion of 30 % shallow groundwater. While most groundwater samples display diluted solutions, δ 13 C data of dissolved inorganic carbon reveal that locally the thermal groundwater near fault zones is loaded with mantle CO 2 , which enhances silicate weathering and leads to anomalously high total dissolved solids (2,000-2,320 mg/l) and fluoride concentrations (6-15 mg/l) exceeding the recommended guideline value. The faults are generally found to act as complex conduit leaky barrier systems favoring vertical mixing processes. Normal faults dipping to the west appear to facilitate movement of groundwater into deeper aquifers and towards the rift floor, whereas those dipping to the east tend to act as leaky barriers perpendicular to the fault but enable preferential flow parallel to the fault plane.

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“…Therefore, the crustal thinning cause is totally excluded as a possible cause of elevated tempratures in the Zarqa Main Zara region. Some previous geothermal studies have attributed elevated temperature in the study area to deep water circulation under normal geothermal gradient [7,9,11,12,42,43,44] Others however attributed it to the cooling of subsurface basaltic intrusions [10,45].…”

Section: A Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Most of the springs have temperature below 45°C except in two localities the temperature reaches up to 63°C (Zarqa Several geothermal, hydrogeological and geochemical and some limited geophysical studies were conducted in the study area of Zarqa Main during the last few decades. These have revealed useful information with some contradicting opinions on the geothermal reservoir [ 5,7,9,10,11,12,13]. Most, if not all aerial, surface and well-logging geophysical methods have been widely used in geothermal studies in different parts of the World.…”

Section: Ment Of Commerce Under Grant Bs123456mentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of geothermal energy in Jordan

Zaid

El-Isa

El-Kilani

2015

2015 Power Generation System and Renewable Energy Technologies (PGSRET)

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Jordan is a developing non-producing oil country; the major part of its needed energy is imported from the neighboring countries in the forms of oil and gas, for example, in year 2007 the demand for primary energy reached about 7438 million tons of oil equivalent, with a growth rate 3.5 % which is 1.2% more than the year before and is expected to be much more in the future due to the immigration from the neighboring countries because of the war crisis in the neighboring countries. The cost of this imported energy creates a heavy financial burden on the national economy which reflects on the development plans and the standard living of the people. Therefore it is of great necessity to look for utilizing other energy resources. Investigations and research work carried out by universities staff and the National Energy Research Center have shown evidence that Jordan has a potential geothermal source of energy which can be utilized in producing heat and electricity.In this paper Bouguer gravity data, obtained from a detailed gravity survey that was conducted at the Zarqa Main Zara geothermal field, east of the Dead Sea, are evaluated and combined with other previously obtained geophysical results including aeromagnetic, deep seismic soundings and seismicity. The observed gravity data clearly reflect the complex nature of the structural geology and tectonics of the study region. It revealed the presence of a number of local and regional Bouguer anomalies with different sizes, amplitudes and orientations. These anomalies are interpreted to have been caused by subsurface basic to ultrabasic igneous intrusions located within the uppermost part of the crust, mostly at depths 0.5km 1.5km or shallower. With a density 3.15 g/cm³ 3.2 g/cm³, these have originated from the upper mantle. Travel times of P and S-waves propagating through the study region indicate that some of the subsurface bodies may be in a semi-solid state. The elevated temperature of the geothermal springs of the study area is suggested to be caused by deep water circulation that is facilitated by the permeability of the sedimentary and igneous rocks and both local and regional faults. The hot igneous intrusions remain the major source of heating, though normal geothermal gradient may add slightly to this heating process. The temperatures of the water springs in Zarqa Main-Zara thermal springs are below the boiling point; severalThis paragraph of the first footnote will contain the date on which you submitted your paper for review. It will also contain support information, including sponsor and financial support acknowledgment. For example, applications are suggested to be utilized in the agricultural and industrial fields. Finally, the binary thermodynamic cycle is suggested to utilize this geothermal source in a power plant for generating electricity as the total flow of this thermal water is 25X 10^6 m3/year with an average temperature of 50 degrees centigrade. An approximate estimation of the output power is 3-4 Mega-Watt..

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Isotopic analyses and hydrochemistry of the thermal springs along the eastern side of the Jordan Dead Sea—Wadi Araba Rift Valley

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

The origin of thermal waters from the eastern flank of the Dead Sea Rift Valley (western Jordan)

The origin of thermal waters from the eastern flank of the Dead Sea Rift Valley (western Jordan)

Groundwater flow dynamics in the complex aquifer system of Gidabo River Basin (Ethiopian Rift): a multi-proxy approach

Utilization of geothermal energy in Jordan

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