Isotopic fractionation of helium during solution: A probe for the liquid state

Benson, Bruce B.; Krause, Daniel

doi:10.1007/bf00646402

Cited by 184 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Figure 2 shows a vertical cross section of δ 3 He in the central Indian Ocean along our sampling stations. It is well documented that 3 He is slightly less soluble (1.2 ± 0.5%) in water than 4 He (Weiss 1971;Benson and Krause 1980). The δ 3 He values in surface waters (~10 m depth) in the Indian Ocean were about -1%; they were consistent with the airsaturated seawater value of -1% within analytical error.…”

Section: Experimental Methodssupporting

confidence: 61%

Distribution of helium-3 plumes and deep-sea circulation in the central Indian Ocean

Takahata¹,

Shirai²,

Ohmori³

et al. 2018

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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We report helium isotope data collected in the central Indian Ocean, from the Arabian Sea to the Southern Ocean, during a Japanese GEOTRACES cruise in 2009 -2010. We found hydrothermal helium-3 plumes and confirmed that 3 He/ 4 He ratio anomalies were almost the same as those observed in WOCE cruises conducted in 1990s, which indicates the hydrothermal activity and abyssal currents have not changed largely for the last few decades. Maximum δ 3 He value over 14% was observed at mid-depth (2000 -3000 m) in the northern part (north of 30°S) in the central Indian Ocean, whereas lower δ 3 He was found in the southern part at the same depth, where δ 3 He is defined as the percent deviation of the helium isotopic ratio relative to the atmospheric standard. The vertical distribution of δ 3 He shows a similar trend with dissolved iron and manganese distributions in the hydrothermal plume. Lateral δ 3 He distribution at mid-depth using our GEOTRACES data together with WOCE data suggest that the helium-3 plume in the central Indian Ocean derived from the Central Indian Ridge around 20°S. It does not flow northward along the ridge but flows eastward as previously reported. The source of the helium-3 plume observed in the region adjacent to the Indian subcontinent might be in the Gulf of Aden as inferred from water properties. The δ 3 He distribution could reveal clockwise deepwater circulation in the Arabian Sea.

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Section: Experimental Methodssupporting

confidence: 61%

Distribution of helium-3 plumes and deep-sea circulation in the central Indian Ocean

Takahata¹,

Shirai²,

Ohmori³

et al. 2018

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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“…Note that since atmospheric helium is ~ 99.9999% The second terms are derived from the solubility as a function of potential temperature and salinity of each sample, combined with the helium isotope solubility fractionation factor αS which is a function of temperature and salinity (Benson and Krause, 1980) …”

Section: Pg 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

The deep distributions of helium isotopes, radiocarbon, and noble gases along the U.S. GEOTRACES East Pacific Zonal Transect (GP16)

et al. 2018

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We report the deep distributions of noble gases, helium isotopes, and radiocarbon measured during the U.S. GEOTRACES GP16 East Pacific Zonal Transect between 152 and 77°W at 12-15°S in the South Pacific. The dominant feature is an intense tongue of hydrothermal effluent that extends more than 4,000 km westward from the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at ~2500m depth. The patterns reveal significant "downstream" variations in water mass structure, advection, and mixing that belie the simple perception of a continuous plume extending westward from the EPR. For example, one feature observed at 120°W, 14°S has tracer signatures that are consistent with a water mass originating from an area as much as 2,000 km south of this section, suggesting a quasi-permanent northward flow on the western flank of the EPR. Helium isotope variations in the plume show a uniquely high In the western end of the section, incoming bottom waters have relatively less hydrothermal hydrothermal helium, more radiocarbon, and more oxygen, as well as negative saturation anomalies for the heavy noble gases (Ar, Kr, and Xe). During the basin-scale upwelling of this water, diapycnal mixing serves to erase these negative anomalies. The relative magnitudes of the increases for the heavy noble gases (Ar, Kr, and Xe) are quantitatively consistent with this process. This leads us to estimate the relatively smaller effects on He and Ne saturations, which range from near zero to 0.2% and 0.3% respectively. With this information, we are able to refine our estimates of the magnitude of He ratio of non-atmospheric helium introduced into deep Pacific waters.pg. 2

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“…The uncertainty of 3 He at a particular timepoint is estimated from the standard error of the mean of the measurements within the mixed layer. The dynamic solubility equilibrium value of δ 3 He eq for each timepoint was calculated from the solubility value of 3 He (Benson and Krause, 1980). Additionally, since in the mixed layer, completely trapped bubbles lower δ 3 He eq (Fuchs et al, 1987) and partially trapped bubbles increase δ 3 He eq , we use the one-dimensional upper ocean model described in Chapter 4 of this thesis to calculate the effect on δ 3 He eq from air injection and gas exchange.…”

Section: He Flux Gauge Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…δ 3 He eq is a function of temperature and gas dynamics (Fuchs et al, 1987). The solubility equilibrium given only temperature considerations, δ 3 He sol , can be calculated from the relationship of Benson and Krause (1980). To determine the contribution from gas dynamics to δ 3 He eq , we added nontritiugenic 3 He to the one dimensional vertical mixed layer model described in Chapter 4 of this thesis.…”

Section: Type Of Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A determination of air-sea gas exchange and upper ocean biological production from five noble gases and tritiugenic helium-3

Stanley¹

2007

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The five noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon) are biologically and chemically inert, making them ideal oceanographic tracers. Additionally, the noble gases have a wide range of solubilities and molecular diffusivities, and thus respond differently to physical forcing. Tritium, an isotope of hydrogen, is useful in tandem with its daughter helium-3 as a tracer for water mass ages. In this thesis, a fourteen month time-series of the five noble gases, helium-3 and tritium was measured at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. The time-series of five noble gases was used to develop a parameterization of air-sea gas exchange for oligotrophic waters and wind speeds between 0 and 13 m s −1 that explicitly includes bubble processes and that constrains diffusive gas exchange to ± 6% and complete and partial air injection processes to ± 15%. Additionally, the parameterization is based on weeks to seasonal time scales, matching the time scales of many relevant biogeochemical cycles. The time-series of helium isotopes, tritium, argon, and oxygen was used to constrain upper ocean biological production. Specifically, the helium flux gauge technique was used to estimate new production, apparent oxygen utilization rates were used to quantify export production, and euphotic zone seasonal cycles of oxygen and argon were used to determine net community production. The concurrent use of these three methods allows examination of the relationship between the types of production and begins to address a number of apparent inconsistencies in the elemental budgets of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.

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Isotopic fractionation of helium during solution: A probe for the liquid state

Cited by 184 publications

References 23 publications

Distribution of helium-3 plumes and deep-sea circulation in the central Indian Ocean

Distribution of helium-3 plumes and deep-sea circulation in the central Indian Ocean

The deep distributions of helium isotopes, radiocarbon, and noble gases along the U.S. GEOTRACES East Pacific Zonal Transect (GP16)

A determination of air-sea gas exchange and upper ocean biological production from five noble gases and tritiugenic helium-3

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