Isotopic signatures for natural versus anthropogenic Pb in high-altitude Mt. Everest ice cores during the past 800years

Lee, Khanghyun; Hur, Soon Do; Hou, Shugui; Burn-Nunes, Laurie J.; Hong, Sungmin; Barbante, Carlo; Boutron, Claude F.; Rosman, K.J.R.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.002

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Al was the reference element for EF calculation, and the elemental composition of < 20 µm particles in the Tibetan topsoil were used as the elemental composition of the crustal material (Li et al, 2009). This database considers the potential influence of regional dust and has been widely adopted in TP studies (Cong et al, 2010;Lee et al, 2011;Huang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Enrichment Factors Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Aerosol Elements over the Inland Tibetan Plateau: Concentration, Seasonality, and Transport

Kang

Chen

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Between November 2005 and November 2007, weekly total suspended particle samples were collected at the Nam Co station in the inland Tibetan Plateau (TP). Through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, twenty-nine elements were analyzed and their sources and fluxes were investigated. Mean elemental concentrations were lower than those at the edge of the TP. Some elements, such as Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb, exhibited high enrichment factors (Cr: 22; Ni: 17; Cd: 23; and Pb: 9), indicating possible anthropogenic influence in this remote region, particularly during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. In addition, an empirical orthogonal function analysis revealed the dominance of crustal-origin elements, rather than anthropogenic elements, in the aerosol. Furthermore, backward air mass trajectories demonstrated that the Nam Co region was mainly influenced by air masses from Central and South Asia. Accordingly, because of dust storms from Central Asia and within the TP, crustal element concentrations, such as of Al, were higher during winter and pre-monsoon seasons than during the monsoon season. By contrast, anthropogenic elements, such as Cr and Cd, were relatively higher during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons because of pollutants transported from South Asia, where atmospheric brown clouds are concentrated and biomass combustion is prevalent. Dry deposition of aerosols dominated in the Nam Co region, particularly during the non-monsoon period, which is useful to interpret the elemental records in the TP ice cores and lake sediments.

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Section: Enrichment Factors Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Aerosol Elements over the Inland Tibetan Plateau: Concentration, Seasonality, and Transport

Kang

Chen

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…1990년대 후반부터 극지연구소를 중심으로 빙하연구를 시작한 우리나라는 아직까지도 국제 공동연구를 통해 확보한 빙하코어 시료를 활용하여 제한 된 연구 분야만 접근하고 있다 (Hong et al 2003(Hong et al , 2004(Hong et al , 2009Lee et al 2011;Hur et al 2013). 선도국가들처럼 종합적인 빙하코어 연구를 수행하기 위해서는 다음의 네 가지 조건이 충족되어야 한다 (Boutron 1995;Hong et al 2000 전기전도도 측정 전기전도도 측정은 빙하코어의 층서에 따라 수소이온 농도를 지시하는 산성도(acidity)를 측정하는 것으로서 산 성도 변화는 과거 대기환경의 변화를 지시하는 지표로서 활용될 수 있다 (Glen et al 1975).…”

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Establishment of an Ice Core Processing Method and Analytical Procedures for Fundamental Proxies

Jun¹,

Hong²,

Hur³

et al. 2014

Ocean and Polar Research

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: We established the first complete ice core processing method and analytical procedures for fundamental proxies, using a 40.2 m long ice core drilled on the Mt. Tsambagarav glacier in the Mongolian Altai mountains in July 2008. The whole core was first divided into two sub ice core sections and the measurements of the visual stratigraphy and electrical conductivity were performed on the surface of these sub core sections. A continuous sequence of samples was then prepared for chemical analyses (stable isotope ratios of oxygen ( 2− and Cl − concentrations to correlate with known volcanic eruptions, the first two ECM peaks appear to be linked to the eruptions (January and June 2007) of Kliuchevskoi volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula of Russia, which supports the reliability of our ECM data. Finally, the composition of stable isotopes (δ 18O and δD) shows a well-defined seasonal variation, suggesting that various chemical proxies may have been well preserved in the successive ice layers of Tsambagarav ice core. Our ice core processing method and analytical procedures for fundamental proxies are expected to be used for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental studies from polar and alpine ice cores.

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“…In Southern Hemisphere studies (Australia and South America) the major increase in Pb enrichment by industrial emissions did not occur until after 1850-1890 CE (De Vleeschouwer et al, 2014;Marx et al, 2010;Vallelonga et al, 2002), reflecting the later adoption of large-scale industrial manufacturing and mining following the stabilisation of post-independence economies in South America and European colonisation in Australia. In Australia and Asia anthropogenic Pb enrichment in remote-from-source, atmospherically dominated archives does not show the post-1970s CE decrease apparent for North America and Europe, but continues to increase towards the present (Lee et al, 2011;Marx et al, 2010;Osterberg et al, 2008).…”

Section: Peat and Ice Records Of The Atmospheric Depositionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Brännvall et al, 1999;Hong et al, 1994;Le Roux et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2011;Martínez-Cortizas et al, 1997a;Marx et al, 2010;McConnell et al, 2014;Mighall et al, 2009;Osterberg et al, 2008;Shotyk et al, 1996;Shotyk et al, 2001;Uglietti et al, 2015;Vallelonga et al, 2002;Weiss et al, 1997;Zheng et al, 2007). Records of metal pollutants in environmental archives have the advantage over mass balance style approaches in that they; 1) provide potentially continuous long-term temporal records, and; 2) allow anthropogenic changes to be quantified relative to the full range of natural variability.…”

Section: The State Of Knowledge and Key Knowledge Gaps In The Fate Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While less numerous and spatially comprehensive by comparison to Europe, peat and ice studies are also providing increasing information on the chronology and magnitude of metal contamination in Asia (e.g. Lee et al, 2011) and in the Southern hemisphere, including in Australia, South America and Antarctica (e.g. Biester et al, 2002;De Vleeschouwer et al, 2014;Hong et al, 2004a;Marx et al, 2010;Planchon et al, 2003;Uglietti et al, 2015;Vallelonga et al, 2002).…”

Section: Environmental Archivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fate of atmospheric metal pollutants in the landscape, Snowy Mountains, south-eastern Australia

Stromsoe¹

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Industrial metals, emitted to the atmosphere by human activity, have been transported and deposited to almost every location on Earth, including Antarctica and Greenland. This is demonstrated by an increasing body of literature in which many atmospheric industrial metals (e.g. Pb, Hg, Cd and Cu) have been shown to be significantly enriched in environmental archives. Studies have largely focussed on peat mires and ice cores, which receive high rates of atmospheric deposition relative to terrestrial inputs. By contrast, few studies have examined the extent of atmospherically derived metals across the wider landscape, where processes such as pedogenesis, erosion and sedimentation affect the spatial extent and magnitude of metal enrichment. In the Snowy Mountains, Australia, atmospheric pollutant metals have previously been identified in alpine peat mires, although their impact on the wider environment has not been assessed. Interest in the fate of atmospheric pollutants in the Snowy Mountains has increased due to the operation of a cloud seeding program in which, silver iodide, AgI, is released to the atmosphere, leading to concerns that silver, Ag, contamination may be accumulating in this ecologically important region. This thesis examines the spatial extent and magnitude of atmospherically derived metals in the SnowyMountains by investigating patterns of enrichment in a range of geomorphic settings and catchment positions, including in soils, peat mires, lakes and reservoirs. The potential movement of metals through the landscape was also assessed by examining rates of geomorphic processes, including rates of pedogenesis and erosion, determined via radionuclides. The thesis was undertaken in three parts which are summarised below. by atmospheric deposition (ombrotrophic peat mires in the upper parts of catchments), the order and magnitude of metal enrichment most closely resembled that of collected aerosols, however, on average enrichment was 5-7 fold lower than in the aerosols. Metals most sensitive to enrichment, i.e., those with low natural abundance in local sediments (Cd, Ag, Sb, Mo), were enriched in all environments including the most geomorphically active settings (tarn lake sediments). In reservoirs, located lower in catchments, patterns of metal enrichment largely reflected concentrations in catchment soils but metals were additionally enriched or depleted depending on their relative particle reactivity. For those metals which are most sensitive to enrichment (Ag, Cd, Sb), the increase in excess flux required to reach trigger value concentrations is lowest in the reservoir sediments (Ag: 13-18, Cd: 7-10 and Sb: 17-61 times the current flux) and highest in the tarn lake (Ag: 60, Cd: 15, Sb: 27 times the current flux) and the peat mire (Ag: 74, Cd: 15, Sb: 18 times the current flux).In part three of this thesis, rates of soil production and soil erosion were quantified using radiocarbon dating, fallout radionuclides and sediment yields in lakes and reservoirs in order to assess the stability of l...

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Isotopic signatures for natural versus anthropogenic Pb in high-altitude Mt. Everest ice cores during the past 800years

Cited by 47 publications

References 53 publications

Atmospheric Aerosol Elements over the Inland Tibetan Plateau: Concentration, Seasonality, and Transport

Atmospheric Aerosol Elements over the Inland Tibetan Plateau: Concentration, Seasonality, and Transport

Establishment of an Ice Core Processing Method and Analytical Procedures for Fundamental Proxies

The fate of atmospheric metal pollutants in the landscape, Snowy Mountains, south-eastern Australia

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