Isotropic Phase Transformation in Anisotropic Stainless Steel 301LN Sheets

Beese, Allison M.; Mohr, Dirk; Santacreu, Pierre-Olivier

doi:10.1051/esomat/200902001

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The analysis determines the martensite fraction from binary images which are obtained by image thresholding the previously processed micrographs. The final result is very sensitive to the threshold selected for the image binarization as already reported by other authors (Beese et al, 2009). In this study, the micrograph's histogram is decomposed into two Gaussian distributions, corresponding to the austenitic and martensitic phases respectively, and the threshold is defined as the white level in which both Gaussian distributions intersect (Fig.…”

Section: Quantitative Light Optical Micrographymentioning

confidence: 58%

Flow and fracture of austenitic stainless steels at cryogenic temperatures

Fernández-Pisón

Rodríguez-Martínez

García‐Tabarés

et al. 2021

Engineering Fracture Mechanics

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In this paper, we have characterized the microstructural evolution and the plastic flow and fracture behaviours of AISI 304L and AISI 316LN stainless steel grades at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) and at liquid helium temperature (4 K). Uninterrupted tensile experiments, where the sample is continuously deformed under quasi-static loading conditions until fracture, have been carried out with a Single-Section Sample to obtain the stress-strain characteristics of the two grades. Interrupted tensile experiments, in which the sample is unloaded before fracture, have been performed with a novel Double-Section Sample to later characterize the strain-induced martensitic transformation at different levels of deformation. The content of martensite has been determined post-mortem, using magnetic induction, electron backscatter diffraction and quantitative light optical micrography. The results obtained with the three methods show quantitative agreement, and reveal that the martensitic transformation in AISI 304L occurs faster and to a greater extent than in AISI 316LN both at 77 K and at 4 K. To the authors' knowledge, in this paper we provide the first experimental results for the evolution of the content of strain-induced martensite in AISI 304L and AISI 316LN samples tested at liquid helium temperature. In addition, the experimental data for the evolution of the martensite volume fraction with the strain have been used to identify the temperature-dependent parameters of the martensitic transformation kinetic models proposed by Olson and Cohen (1975) and Garion and Skoczeń (2002). Moreover, Mode I fracture tests with fatigue-precracked Compact Samples have been carried out to determine the fracture properties of the two investigated materials using the "resistance curve procedure" (ASTM-E1820-20a, 2020). The crack-growth resistance curves have been obtained with four different methods here referred to as ASTM Compliance Method, W-N Compliance Method, Modified W-N Compliance Method and ASTM Normalization Method, which is an original methodological contribution of this paper. While the four approaches yield similar results for the fracture toughness, only the W-N Compliance Method and the Modified W-N Compliance Method, the latter being proposed in this paper, fulfil all the requirements of the standard ASTM-E1820-20a (2020) so that the calculated fracture toughness can be accepted as a material property. The comparison of results for both materials and testing temperatures shows that the AISI 316LN displays higher fracture toughness than the AISI 304L. Moreover, post-mortem microstructural analysis of the Compact Samples near the fracture surface has revealed that the content of martensite is greater in AISI 304L than in AISI 316LN. Furthermore, for AISI 304L more martensite is formed in the sample tested at 77 K because the plastic deformation near the crack is greater than at 4 K.

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Section: Quantitative Light Optical Micrographymentioning

confidence: 58%

Flow and fracture of austenitic stainless steels at cryogenic temperatures

Fernández-Pisón

Rodríguez-Martínez

García‐Tabarés

et al. 2021

Engineering Fracture Mechanics

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“…As it is mentioned, there is an uncertainty about the value of fracture strain. Beese in [11] proposed that equivalent fracture strain can be obtained from direct measurement of fracture strains at which the average value of Lankford ratio is = 1.44. Therefore, the equivalent plastic strain can be expressed as follow: …”

Section: Modelling Of Anisotropic Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation Study on Determination of Fracture Strain and Fracture Forming Limit Curve Using Different Experimental and Numerical Methods

Farahnak¹,

Urbánek²,

Džugan³

2017

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. Forming Limit Curve (FLC) is a well-known tool for the evaluation of failure in sheet metal process. However, its experimental determination and evaluation are rather complex. From theoretical point of view, FLC describes initiation of the instability not fracture. During the last years Digital Image Correlation (DIC) techniques have been developed extensively. Throughout this paper, all the measurements were done using DIC and as it is reported in the literature, different approaches to capture necking and fracture phenomena using Cross Section Method (CSM), Time dependent Method (TDM) and Thinning Method (TM) were investigated. Each aforementioned method has some advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, a cruciform specimen was used in order to cover whole FLC in the range between uniaxial to equi-biaxial tension and as an alternative for Nakajima test. Based on above-mentioned uncertainty about the fracture strain, some advanced numerical failure models can describe necking and fracture phenomena accurately with consideration of anisotropic effects. It is noticeable that in this paper, dog-bone, notch and circular disk specimens are used to calibrate Johnson-Cook (J-C) fracture model. The results are discussed for mild steel DC01.

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Influence of carbon content on the martensitic transformation of titanium stabilized austenitic stainless steels

Pardal

Tavares

et al. 2020

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Austenitic stainless steels (ASS) are corrosion resistant alloys in which the desirable mechanical properties may be attained by cold working in the final stages of the fabrication process. This manufacturing process may induce martensitic transformation from the austenitic phase, where the chemical composition plays an important role as it influences the stacking fault energy (SFE). Therefore, this work evaluated the influence of carbon content on martensitic transformation of Ti stabilized ASS. Thus, the austenite transformed into martensite by cold rolling was observed by Light Optical Microscopy (LOM) and quantified by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for Ti stabilized ASS with different carbon contents. The experimental results about the martensitic transformation behavior for each alloy were compared with previous results on other ASS and Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS), tested in similar conditions, verifying a high correlation with a sigmoidal model previously applied in these alloys. Additionally, it was carried out a SFE analysis, estimated by thermodynamic model, corroborating that the alloy's carbon content has a strong influence on the material's stability. Finally, it was observed a sudden increase in microhardness value as a consequence of the high amount of austenite transformed into martensite at very low strains that might affect the steels performance in several applications.

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Isotropic Phase Transformation in Anisotropic Stainless Steel 301LN Sheets

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Flow and fracture of austenitic stainless steels at cryogenic temperatures

Flow and fracture of austenitic stainless steels at cryogenic temperatures

Investigation Study on Determination of Fracture Strain and Fracture Forming Limit Curve Using Different Experimental and Numerical Methods

Influence of carbon content on the martensitic transformation of titanium stabilized austenitic stainless steels

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