Isozyme analysis for characterization of Ganoderma strains from south‐east Asia ¹

Abstract

Extracellular pectinase isozymes were determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for isolates of Ganoderma collected from a range of hosts and environments in south‐east Asia. Findings indicate these techniques to be of use in the differentiation of strains isolated from different hosts and environments. Average linkage cluster analysis of pectinase isozyme banding patterns separated isolates according to host of origin.

Development of molecular diagnostics for the detection of Ganoderma isolates pathogenic to oil palm.

“…This presence of the specific band in saprobic isolates from coconut and areca palms would suggest that these isolates are either the same taxon as the oil-palm pathogen, or are very closely related to it. This is in agreement with previous observations and molecular studies which have suggested that BSR of oil palm may be caused by isolates saprobic on other palm hosts (Miller, 1995;Miller et al, 1995). The absence of the band in the saprobic isolates from poisoned oil palm suggests that not all saprobic Ganoderma on palms belong to the BSR taxon.…”

“…Several molecular approaches have been used to characterize isolates of Ganoderma (Miller, 1995;Miller et al, 1995;Abu-Seman et al, 1996;Gottlieb et al, 1998). The most widely used has been isoenzyme analysis and this has given rather variable results.…”

“…In studies on Ganoderma species on woody plants in South America, isoenzyme profiles can in some cases define species (Gottlieb et al, 1998). However, studies on palm pathogens have proved more complicated and although pectinase zymograms produce band patterns that largely define the palm-associated isolates, intracellular isoenzyme profiles can be very variable and appear to define either individuals or small groups of apparently unrelated isolates (Miller, 1995;Miller et al, 1995). In the oil-palm-associated isolates, mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms appear to define populations at around the level of an individual or sibling family (Miller et al, 1999), while DNA fingerprinting methods, such as amplification fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and simple repetitive primers, can give band patterns that vary between individual monokaryons isolated from a single basidiocarp (Bridge, 2000).…”

Genetic diversity of Ganoderma in oil palm plantings

“…Although either vegetation could have supported Ganoderma populations, variation in strains adapted to palms is more likely to have originated in native palm infections. Evidence of such an origin was found previously (Miller et al, 1995a), with isolates from palmaceous and nonpalmaceous hosts separating on the basis of extracellular pectinase zymograms. Oil palm is propagated as seed from crosses between cultivars Dura and Pisifera, so that an oil palm stand is not a genetically homogeneous host.…”

Bioprospection of Basidiomycetes and molecular phylogenetic analysis using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 5.8S rRNA gene sequence

“…The molecular systematics of macrofungi has been studied by various methods using DNA-DNA hybridization, restriction enzyme analysis - RFLP, rDNA, mtDNA and sequencing analysis of ITS 27 . Pectinase isoenzyme 36 , manganese superoxide dismutase 37 , 38 , ITS and 25S ribosomal sequences 34 , 35 , 39 were used to construct molecular phylogeny in macrofungal species. Later, ITS was used as a DNA barcode for fungal identification 32 , 40 , 41 .…”