Isozyme diversity and genetic structure of buckwheat populations

2022

CYTOLOGIA

The 45S and 5S rDNA loci were physically mapped by double-probe FISH on mitotic metaphase chromosomes in the six strains of F. esculentum and F. tataricum. Results showed that the chromosomes of F. esculentum and F. tataricum were very small and similar. F. esculentum and F. tataricum were diploid and the karyotype formulas of these two species were 2n=2x=16=12m+4m (SAT) and 2n=2x=16=12m+4sm (SAT), respectively. Four pairs of 45S rDNA loci on IS, IIS, IIIL, and VL, as well as two pairs of 5S rDNA loci on IL and IVS in F. esculentum, and five pairs of 45S rDNA loci on IS, IIS, IIIL, VL, and VIIS, as well as three pairs of 5S rDNA loci on IL, IVS, and VIS in F. tataricum. There are differences in 45S and 5S rDNA loci between F. esculentum and F. tataricum, suggesting they are far in phylogenies. Based on 45S and 5S rDNA loci location and karyotype characteristics of mitotic metaphase chromosomes, eight pairs of homologous chromosomes of F. esculentum and F. tataricum all can be distinguished distinctly, respectively. Traditional karyotype analysis together with rDNA FISH was a powerful approach for the studies on cytogenetics and breeding in plants, especially for these species with very small and similar chromosomes.

Section: Karyotype Of F Esculentum and F Tataricumsupporting

confidence: 93%

Chromosomal Location of 45S and 5S rDNA in the Strains of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench and F. tataricum (L.) Gaertn

2022

CYTOLOGIA

“…Comparisons of quantitative data between two variable groups were made using Student’s unpaired t test (two-sample t test), and morphological variation rates among >2 groups were analysed using ANOVA and multiply comparison among levels of each factor and among combinations were analysed using Duncan’s test (Sheng et al 2011 ). All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS 16.0 software (Du 1999 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buckwheat originates from China and is widely distributed in Asia and Europe (Hou et al 2016 ). The tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn), a diploid species (2n = 2x = 16), belongs to the big-achene group of genus Fagopyrum (Chen et al 2004 ; Sheng et al 2011 ). Tartary buckwheat grain, as an important functional food material, contains proteins with high biological value and balanced amino acid composition; relatively high crude fiber and vitamins B1, B2, and B6; and more rutin than common buckwheat ( F. esculentum Moench) (Pan and Chen 2010 ; Wang et al 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, physiological, cytological and phytochemical studies in diploid and colchicine-induced tetraploid plants of Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn

Wen³

et al. 2017

Bot Stud

Self Cite

BackgroundTartary buckwheat are very popular as an important functional food material and its cultivation is very widespread in our whole world, but there obviously lack works in the researches of genetic breeding for agricultural and medicinal utilization. The aim of this study is to obtain good germplasm resources for agricultural and medicinal use of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) by inducing the tetraploid plants.ResultsFour cultivars of F. tataricum, that is, Qianwei 2#, Jinku 2#, Chuanqiao 1#, and Liuqiao 1# were selected to experiment. The tips of seedlings with two true leaves were treated by 0.25% (w/v) colchicine solution for 48, 72, and 96 h, respectively. The chromosome number of treated plants was determined by metaphase chromosome counting of root tip cells and PMCs (pollen mother cells) meiosis observation. Tetraploid induction successfully occurred in all three treatments with an efficiency ranging from 12.13 to 54.55%. The chromosome number of the diploid plants was 2n = 2x = 16, and that of the induced tetraploid plants was 2n = 4x = 32. The typical morphological and physiological qualities were compared between the control diploid and corresponding induced tetraploid plants. Results showed that the induced tetraploid plants had obviously larger leaves, flowers, and seeds. Moreover, the content of seed protein and flavonoid were also increased in the tetraploid plants. The pollen diameter and capsule size of diploid plants were significantly smaller than those of tetraploid plants.Conclusion Fagopyrum tataricum can be effectively induced into tetraploids by colchicines. The tetraploid induction can produce valuable germplasm resources for breeding and is a practicable breeding way in F. tataricum.

“…Buckwheat is an herbaceous plant of the genus Fagopyrum in the Polygonaceae family. There are 23 species reported in this genus, two of which are cultivated for food crops: Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum (Sheng et al, 2011;Sheng et al, 2013). Buckwheat is an important multigrain crop with remarkable nutritional and healthcare values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After thousands of years of transmission and planting, cultivated buckwheat has spread to Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe, and Oceania (Sheng et al, 2011). According to statistics from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (http://fao.org./home/zh), the global planting area of cultivated buckwheat has reached 3.2 × 10 6 hm 2 in 2018 with a total seed output of 3.83 × 10 6 tons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytolith occluded organic carbon in Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) plants: Insights on the carbon sink potential of cultivated buckwheat planting

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

Crop cultivation has great potential to result in a phytolith carbon sink and can play important roles in the long-term stable carbon sequestration of terrestrial ecosystems. Buckwheat, an important multigrain crop with a very long cultivation history, is widely planted around the world. The phytolith carbon sink potential of buckwheat planting is still limited in the in-depth understanding of biogeochemical carbon sequestration in croplands. In order to estimate the phytolith carbon sink potential of buckwheat planting, in the present study, six species including 17 populations of Fagopyrum plants were selected as study materials. Firstly, their phytoliths were extracted using the wet oxidation method; then, the phytolith-occluded organic carbon (PhytOC) contents were determined using the spectrophotometry method; finally, the phytolith carbon sink potential of buckwheat planting was estimated. Results showed the following: 1) The PhytOC content range of the six Fagopyrum species studied was 0.006%~0.038%, which was significantly lower than that of rice, wheat, sugarcane, and some cereal and oil crops. There were significant differences in total silicon, phytolith, and PhytOC content of Fagopyrum plants among the different species, different organs (root, stem, and leaf), and different living forms (annual, partly perennial, and completely perennial). There were significant positive relationships between PhytOC and phytolith content and between phytolith and total silicon content. 2) The average phytolith carbon sequestration rate of Fagopyrum esculentum and Fagopyrum tataricum planting was 2.62 × 10-3 and 1.17 × 10-3 t CO2 hm-2·a-1, respectively, being approximately equal to that of terrestrial shrub vegetation. 3) The global total amount of phytolith carbon sequestration of buckwheat planting reached 5,102.09 t CO2 in 2018, and the Chinese total amount of phytolith carbon sequestration of buckwheat cultivation was 624.79 t CO2 in 2020. The phytolith carbon sink of buckwheat planting had significant potential for playing obvious roles in the carbon cycle. The present results are of great significance in crop phytolith studies and provide important references for phytolith carbon sink potential estimation of farmland ecosystems.