Issues and challenges in developing long-acting veterinary antibiotic formulations

RETRACTED: Stabilization of vaccines and antibiotics in silk and eliminating the cold chain

“…Dating back to Fleming's original 1929 paper on penicillin (26), penicillin is unstable in solution, breaking down within weeks at 25°C and within 24 h at 37°C (27). Tetracycline possesses broad specificity and low cost, but undergoes rapid photolysis and hydrolysis in solution (28,29).…”

Terminology Challenges: Defining Modified Release Dosage Forms in Veterinary Medicine

“…Often designed as modified release products, these formulations are invaluable for enhancing user compliance (by reducing dosing frequency) and user safety, minimizing patient discomfort, promoting safety and effectiveness of some active pharmaceutical ingredients by reducing the magnitude of peaks and troughs in systemic drug concentrations, or by delaying drug release (such as enteric coated products that reduce gastric irritation or targeted delivery systems that are formulated to release drug at the site of action). Examples of the therapeutic challenges and corresponding formulation and manufacturing concerns associated with the development of modified release dosage forms for veterinary use are discussed elsewhere 1, 2. Some of the critical variables associated with parenteral modified release dosage forms have also been previously reviewed 3.…”

The application prospects and development trends of orally disintegrating tablets to dogs

“…Additionally, antibiotic therapy for dogs may extend for weeks or months for many chronic conditions. For example, chronic skin diseases, chronic otitis, chronic dermatitis, urinary tract infections, bacterial osteomyelitis, penetrating wounds and postsurgical treatment may require long-term antibiotic administration for dogs (SUN et al, 2004;DEBOER, 1990;CHESTER, 1988;JR, 1997). Moreover, dog supplements also can be developed to ODTs, including vitamins, calcium, antioxidants, digestive enzymes and so on.…”