Issues and challenges of space radiation risk assessment in manned deep space exploration missions

Zhao, Lei; Dong, Minyue; Sun, Yeqing

doi:10.1360/n972018-00071

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Ionising radiation (IR), such as X-or γ-rays from medical radiation treatments, high-energy charged (HZE) particles from cosmic radiation, is an unavoidable risk factor to endanger human health [1][2][3][4]. IR can attack DNA and produce a variety of DNA lesions, mainly including DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs), mismatches, modified bases, and abasic sites, which are associated with various kinds of human diseases [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determinant of DNA Repair Pathway Choices in Ionising Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks

Zhao

Bao

Shang

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Ionising radiation- (IR-) induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are considered to be the deleterious DNA lesions that pose a serious threat to genomic stability. The major DNA repair pathways, including classical nonhomologous end joining, homologous recombination, single-strand annealing, and alternative end joining, play critical roles in countering and eliciting IR-induced DSBs to ensure genome integrity. If the IR-induced DNA DSBs are not repaired correctly, the residual or incorrectly repaired DSBs can result in genomic instability that is associated with certain human diseases. Although many efforts have been made in investigating the major mechanisms of IR-induced DNA DSB repair, it is still unclear what determines the choices of IR-induced DNA DSB repair pathways. In this review, we discuss how the mechanisms of IR-induced DSB repair pathway choices can operate in irradiated cells. We first briefly describe the main mechanisms of the major DNA DSB repair pathways and the related key repair proteins. Based on our understanding of the characteristics of IR-induced DNA DSBs and the regulatory mechanisms of DSB repair pathways in irradiated cells and recent advances in this field, We then highlight the main factors and associated challenges to determine the IR-induced DSB repair pathway choices. We conclude that the type and distribution of IR-induced DSBs, chromatin state, DNA-end structure, and DNA-end resection are the main determinants of the choice of the IR-induced DNA DSB repair pathway.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determinant of DNA Repair Pathway Choices in Ionising Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks

Zhao

Bao

Shang

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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“…Over the past nearly 60 years manned spaceflight and experimental findings demonstrated that spaceflight induced bone loss, muscle atrophy, cardiovascular remodeling and space-related medical problems (Durante and Cucinotta, 2008). There are some long-term spaceflight missions planned to implement in the next decades, however, health risks and protections from spaceflight exposures are incompletely clear and still remain a primary concern for manned deep space explorations (Zhao et al, 2018; Wang et al, 2019). Although more than 560 people have the spaceflight experience, only four individuals have participated in long-term spaceflight missions lasting 1 year or more (Stepanek et al, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

Systematic biomedical research of the NASA Twins Study facilitates the hazard risk assessment of long-term spaceflight missions

et al. 2019

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With the extension of the deep space exploration program, the boundaries of human exploration will be pushed forward to the surface of Mars. Over the past nearly 60 years manned spaceflight and experimental findings demonstrated that spaceflight induced bone loss, muscle atrophy, cardiovascular remodeling and space-related medical problems (Durante and Cucinotta, 2008). There are some long-term spaceflight missions planned to implement in the next decades, however, health risks and protections from spaceflight exposures are incompletely clear and still remain a primary concern for manned deep space explorations (Zhao et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2019). Although more than 560 people have the spaceflight experience, only four individuals have participated in long-term spaceflight missions lasting 1 year or more (Stepanek et al., 2019). There is an urgent need to better understand the hazards of long-term spaceflight environment, including weightlessness, ionizing radiation, confinement, disrupted circadian rhythm etc. Recently, one work published in Science (Garrett-Bakelman et al., 2019) showed a systematic biomedical research of the NASA Twins Study and health risk assessments during a 1-year mission onboard the International Space Station (ISS). The use of twin model is an excellent experiment design with the improved reliability and authenticity of the obtained data from this small sample experiment. As compared to his twin on the earth, the astronaut living in space presented some changes in telomeres, DNA damage and methylation, immune, microbial, mitochondrial, cardiovascular, body mass and nutrition, neuro-ocular, cognitive performance. First, the authors found that the telomere unexpectedly elongated

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“…长期遭受空间辐射暴露可增加航天员罹患疾病的风险, 如慢性辐射癌症风险、急性辐射综合征 (acute radiation syndromes, ARS)风险、急/慢性中枢神经系统的辐射风险以及退行性组织或其他辐射健康风险等 [5] . 因此, 空间辐射健康风险被认为是制约载人深空探索发展的重要因素之一 [6] , 如何降低空间辐射风险已成为该领域亟待解决的科学问题.…”

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Research progress of space radiation protection technologies in manned deep space exploration missions

Zhao¹,

Shang²,

Yuan³

et al. 2019

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Issues and challenges of space radiation risk assessment in manned deep space exploration missions

Cited by 14 publications

References 59 publications

The Determinant of DNA Repair Pathway Choices in Ionising Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks

The Determinant of DNA Repair Pathway Choices in Ionising Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks

Systematic biomedical research of the NASA Twins Study facilitates the hazard risk assessment of long-term spaceflight missions

Research progress of space radiation protection technologies in manned deep space exploration missions

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