Issues and Testing of Non-Glycol Aircraft Ground Deicing Fluids

Beisswenger, Arlene; Laforte, Caroline; Perron, Jean

doi:10.4271/2011-38-0058

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Une fois que le système d'essai de neige intérieur a été mis en place, les chercheurs ont constaté que ces essais étaient caractérisés par une durée d'efficacité plus courte que celle mesurée à l'extérieur [22]. Cette différence a été attribuée à l'effet du vent.…”

Section: Moyens Mécaniquesunclassified

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Évaluation des paramètres influençant le temps d'endurance d'un fluide antigivre sous précipitations de neige /

Ennaji¹

2011

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Snow and ice accumulation can change the shape of critical aeroplane surfaces, while on the tarmac or waiting for take-off, such as wings, flight control surfaces and leading edges. This can lead to a loss of aerodynamic performance during take-off, which may at times prove to be dangerous. De-icing and anti-icing protection methods have been developed to avoid such accidents during take-off. Anti-icing and de-icing fluids applied to an aeroplane's critical surfaces while waiting for take-off are among the most used techniques used to prevent snow accumulation or to make it melt.Glycol based fluids are characterised by their protection time, commonly called endurance time, which is determined based on an evaluation carried out in an environmental test chamber, according to standard APR5485. Endurance time is measured by exposing an anti-icing fluid covered plate to a snowfall below 0°C.The purpose of this thesis is to understand the behaviour of the anti-icing fluid during snow endurance tests, to determine the parameters influencing the failure of the fluid and to determine the mechanism of fluid failure.The experimental setup defined in the standard was modified to simplify the phenomena under study. The experimental setup used during the tests carried out in LIMA'S 9m environmental test chamber consisted of a flat, 50cm long and 30cm wide aluminum plate and an aluminum snow box equipped with an acetal cylinder. The cylinder contains hemispherical holes allowing the snowflakes to fall in groups with two intensities, 10 and 25 g/dm 2 /h. The plate is parallel to the ground, surrounded by insulated walls allowing the snow to accumulate and preventing the fluid from escaping. A heating element under the plate maintains its temperature at the value defined by the standard and two thermocouples located at the plate/heating element interface measures and controls the temperature. Another thermocouple is used to measure the temperature of the fluid during the experiment. The temperature control in the climate chamber is automated to maintain the temperature at the required levels of-5°C, -10°C, -14°C, and -25°C. The assembly is linked to a controller that maintains the plate temperature at the desired level by controlling its power supply. The controller and the assembly are linked to a computer, which automatically records the air, plate and fluid temperatures, the precipitation intensity and the weight of the snow precipitated during the test, as well as the power consumption. Experimental runs were performed using a generic fluid containing propylene glycol. 400 ml of fluid was poured on the plate during each run, forming a 2.7 mm thick layer.Results have shown that the air temperature remains constant with small, regular fluctuations throughout the run for all conditions. For runs at temperatures higher than -25°C, the plate temperature is at approximately the desired temperature at the beginning of the test and decreases rapidly to a minimum value. The lowering of the temperature is compensated for by an...

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Section: Moyens Mécaniquesunclassified

“…Cette modification a permis d'obtenir des résultats de durée d'efficacité similaires à ceux obtenus à l'extérieur [22]. …”

Section: Moyens Mécaniquesunclassified

Évaluation des paramètres influençant le temps d'endurance d'un fluide antigivre sous précipitations de neige /

Ennaji¹

2011

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“…De-icing fluids are commonly sprayed on aircraft before takeoff. Such de-icing fluids are usually water-based and include Freeze Point Depressants (FDP), mainly glycol, among other wetting agents and corrosion inhibiting materials [4]. In large commercial aircraft, the hot air produced from the engine is pumped through tubes into the inner surface of the wings [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing electronics directly onto carbon fiber composites: unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wings with integrated heater for de-icing

Idris¹,

Qiu²,

Melenka³

et al. 2020

Eng. Res. Express

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used to deliver items and gather information in remote areas. As a result, UAVs suffer from ice accumulation on their wings, which drastically affects their flight. However, the UAV industry is still relatively young and, thus, commercial solutions for deicing on UAVs are limited. The use of carbon fiber composites is becoming increasingly ubiquitous for UAVs as well as many other industries such as military, construction, medical, automobile, sporting goods and aircraft systems. Carbon fiber is commercially available in various forms, including single yarns, braids and weaves, which are similar to traditional textiles. This paper presents a method to create a self-heating composite structure that can be integrated into UAV wings for de-icing by exploiting the thermal and electrical conductivity of carbon fiber. Extrusion printing is used to fabricate electrical contacts directly on the carbon fiber weave. Extrusion printing on textiles faces multiple challenges that are overcome in this paper. A method is presented to extrusion print conductive paste on textiles. Specifically, carbon fiber weaves. This manufacturing method is employed to fabricate carbon fiber-based heating devices, and they are characterized electrically and thermally.

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