Issues in the disposal of waste containing naturally occurring radioactive material

Bhattacharyya, Dhananjay

doi:10.1016/s0969-8043(97)00243-1

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Moreover, silicate based apatite samples were found to contain up to 50 wt% of lanthanides (La, Ce, Nd) and actinides (U, Th) in Ouzzal site of Algeria [9]. Hence, britholites were considered as natural nuclear waste disposal and allowing the confinement of radionuclides and some fission byproducts produced by the nuclear industry [10][11][12]. In fact, many studies indicated that britholites are able to confine radionuclides with continuous irradiation for millions of years with conserved structure and thermal and chemical stability [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Conductivity of Strontium Fluoroapatites Co-doped with Lanthanides

Kthiri¹,

Mehnaoui²,

Jebahi³

et al. 2022

Mineralogy

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Britholites derivatives of apatite’s that contain lanthanium and neodymium in the serial compounds Sr8La2−xNdx(PO4)4(SiO4)2F2 with 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 were subject of the present investigation. The solid state reaction was the route of preparing these materials. Several techniques were employed for the analysis and characterization of the synthesized powders. The chemical analysis results indicated that molar ratio Sr+La+NdP+Si was of about 1.67 value of a stoichiometric powder. The X-ray diffraction data showed single-phase apatites crystallizing in hexagonal structure with P63/m space group were successively obtained. Moreover, the substitution of lanthanium by neodymium in strontium phosphosilicated fluorapatite was total. This was confirmed by the a and c lattice parameters contraction when (x) varies coherently to the sizes of the two cations. The infrared spectroscopy and the 31P NMR (MAS) exhibited the characteristic bands of phosphosilicated fluorapatite. The pressureless sintering of the material achieved a maximum of 89% relative density. The sintered specimens indicated that the Nd content as well as the heating temperature affected the ionic conduction of the materials and the maximum was 1.73 × 10−6 S cm−1 obtained at 1052 K for x = 2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Conductivity of Strontium Fluoroapatites Co-doped with Lanthanides

Kthiri¹,

Mehnaoui²,

Jebahi³

et al. 2022

Mineralogy

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“…Les britholites, correspondant a `des apatites phosphosilicate ´es, font l'objet de nombreuses e ´tudes a `caracte `re aussi bien fondamental qu'expe ´rimental, car depuis la de ´couverte du site d'Oklo [1][2][3], elles sont conside ´re ´es comme particulie `rement prometteuses pour une utilisation en tant que matrice pour le confinement des de ´chets nucle ´aires. En effet, cette de ´couverte a montre ´que ces mate ´riaux peuvent retenir des radionucle ´ides et certains produits de fission sur plusieurs millions d'anne ´es sans subir de dommages majeurs [4].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Préparation par mécanosynthèse d’apatites strontiques dopées au lanthane et au césium

Gmati

Boughzala

Chaabène

et al. 2013

Comptes Rendus. Chimie

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britholites ont suscite ´un grand inte ´re ˆt aupre `s des chercheurs en raison de leurs applications potentielles en tant que matrices pour le confinement de certains de ´chets se ´pare ´s issus de l'industrie nucle ´aire, comme les actinides mineurs et certains produits de fission. Cependant, leur pre ´paration ne ´cessite des tempe ´ratures e ´leve ´es, de l'ordre de 1400 8C. Dans le pre ´sent travail, nous rapportons la pre ´paration par me ´canosynthe `se d'apatites strontiques dope ´es au lanthane et au ce ´sium. Les re ´actifs dans des proportions stoechiome ´triques ont e ´te ´broye ´s pendant des dure ´es comprises entre 30 minutes et 25 heures a `l'aide d'un broyeur plane ´taire. Les re ´sultats des analyses par diffraction des rayons X et spectroscopie infrarouge ont montre ´qu'il est possible d'obtenir ce type d'apatites par un broyage approprie ´. Cependant, il y a aussi formation de phases secondaires, dont la nature est en e ´troite relation avec la composition initiale. De plus, pour e ´viter l'incorporation dans la structure apatitique des ions carbonate provenant des re ´actifs utilise ´s, il est ne ´cessaire que ces derniers soient exempts de carbonates.ß 2013 Acade ´mie des sciences. Publie ´par Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits re ´serve ´s.

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“…Since the discovery of the Oklo site [1,2], they have been considered to be particularly promising for use as matrices for the confinement of nuclear waste [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Indeed, this discovery showed that these materials can retain fission products over several million years without suffering damage [10]. Furthermore, several studies have shown that these compounds present a good resistance to aqueous alteration [11][12][13][14] and irradiation [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical synthesis of strontium britholites: Reaction mechanism

Gmati

Boughzala

Abdellaoui³

et al. 2011

Comptes Rendus. Chimie

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The britholites have gained a great interest thanks to their potential applications as matrices for the confinement of the byproducts in the nuclear industry such as minor actinides and long-lived fission products. However, the preparation of britholites requires high temperatures, above 1200 8C. In this work, we strive to prepare these kinds of compounds by a mechanochemical synthesis at room temperature from the starting materials SrF 2 , SrCO 3 , Sr 2 P 2 O 7 , La 2 O 3 and SiO 2 using a planetary ball mill. The obtained results showed that the prepared products were carbonated apatites and the corresponding powders contained some unreacted silica and lanthana. To obtain pure britholites, a heat-treatment at 1100 8C was required. The mechanism involved in the different steps of the reaction is discussed in this paper. The obtained results suggest that the use of raw materials containing no carbonate is expected to directly lead to pure britholites by appropriate milling at room temperature.

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Issues in the disposal of waste containing naturally occurring radioactive material

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Ionic Conductivity of Strontium Fluoroapatites Co-doped with Lanthanides

Ionic Conductivity of Strontium Fluoroapatites Co-doped with Lanthanides

Préparation par mécanosynthèse d’apatites strontiques dopées au lanthane et au césium

Mechanochemical synthesis of strontium britholites: Reaction mechanism

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