Issues on soot removal from exhaust gases by means of radial flow ceramic traps

Ciambelli, Paolo; Palma, Vincenzo; Russo, Paola; Vaccaro, Salvatore

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2004.10.019

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This phenomenon occurs at high exhaust flowrates or at rapid flow accelerations where pressure and temperature change. Parameters that have been found to affect the blow-out (at a radial flow trap) are the gas velocity, the soot concentration in the exhaust gas, the amount of soot accumulated on the filter and the adhesive and cohesive properties of the particulates (Ciambelli et al 2005).…”

Section: Pn and Pm Methods Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) Light-Duty Inter-Laboratory Exercise: Repeatability and Reproducibility of the Particle Number Method

Giechaskiel¹,

Dilara²,

Andersson

2008

Aerosol Science and Technology

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A Euro 4 Light-Duty Diesel vehicle equipped with a diesel particulate filter (DPF) was circulated to 9 labs where repetitions of the current regulatory New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) were conducted. Regulated gaseous and improved (with cyclone, filter temperature 47 ± 5• C, constant filter face velocity, high precision balance at all labs) particulate mass (PM) measurements were also conducted. A reference particle number (PN) measurement system measuring non-volatile particles was circulated along with the test vehicle. Labs also tested their own PN systems built to comply with the reference system's performance specifications. The mean PN emissions level of the vehicle was below 1 × 10 11 particles/km. The intra-lab variability (repeatability) was ∼40% and the inter-lab variation was ∼25%. The study showed that the new PN method had similar variability to other gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons and better than the PM (intra-lab variability ∼55% and inter-lab ∼35%). Even with the improved PM method the emissions of the vehicle were similar to the background level (∼0.4 mg/km) and the method was subject to volatile artifact. The PN method showed greater sensitivity than the PM method as it could distinguish the DPF fill state or different preconditioning states of the vehicle. However, the PN emission level of the vehicle estimated by the reference system were on average 15% higher than any given lab's own system, indicating that the procedures and calibration designed for the standardization of performance should be precisely defined and followed. This work has been conducted in the framework of the PMP project (run under the auspices of the UNECE-GRPE). The authors would like to thank all the laboratories and companies that participated. In addition, Matter Engineering AG for providing the dilution system of the reference system, TSI Incorporated for providing the particle number counter of the reference system, and Dekati Ltd and Horiba for providing particle number systems at the labs that did not have their own. AECC receive thanks for providing the reference vehicle, Concawe for providing the fuel and the lubricant for the reference vehicle and AEA Technology Environment for the calibrations of the reference system. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Nikolaos Stilianakis for his insights on the statistical issues.Address correspondence to Jon Andersson, Ricardo UK, Chemistry Department, Shoreham Technical Centre, BN43 5FG, Shoreham-bySea, U.K. E-mail: Jon.Andersson@ricardo.com INTRODUCTIONThe established method to measure particle emissions for type approval tests is gravimetric analysis of filter samples, taken from a full exhaust flow dilution tunnel. However, for low-emission vehicles, which are already present in the market, concerns have been raised about the suitability of the method. For example Chase et al. (2004) showed that a major part of the collected mass consists of volatiles (volatile artifact). Tests at various laboratories have shown high variability for th...

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Section: Pn and Pm Methods Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) Light-Duty Inter-Laboratory Exercise: Repeatability and Reproducibility of the Particle Number Method

Giechaskiel¹,

Dilara²,

Andersson

2008

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…Ciambelli and coworkers have coated the ceramic foam walls with Cu/V/K/Cl, through several cycles of immersion into an aqueous solution of the catalyst precursor salts, drying at 120°C and calcining at 700°C overnight [68][69][70][71][72]. Through this process, different ceramic foams have been coated with vanadates [73][74][75][76][77] or with Pb-Co [78].…”

Section: Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One option is the incorporation of the soot using a suspension of soot in a solvent, for example soot in n-hexane [20,35,52] or n-heptane [71,76]. In these studies, the soot concentration to incorporate different amounts of soot in the structured catalysts is varied and thus the performance of these structures with different amounts of soot is evaluated.…”

Section: Catalytic Tests Of Powder and Structured Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structured Catalysts for Soot Combustion for Diesel Engines

Banús¹,

Ulla²,

Miró³

et al. 2013

Diesel Engine - Combustion, Emissions and Condition Monitoring

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“…It has also been reported that the catalysts were incorporated on different supports such as TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and CeO 2 by mixing catalyst precursor solution with support powders [4,[6][7][8][9]. The catalyst powders were also coated on the honeycomb ceramics or ceramic foam [10][11][12] using a suspension route. Direct deposition of catalysts onto porous substrate is a technical challenge in this field, however, recently there has been considerable success in the coating of metal oxide type catalysts as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alumina Supported Co–K–Mo Based Catalytic Material for Diesel Soot Oxidation

et al. 2009

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Alumina supported Co-K-Mo based mixed metal oxide type catalytic materials have been prepared by co-impregnation. These catalysts show excellent activity for carbon as well as diesel soot oxidation, which could be due to the redox properties of Mo and Co as well as to a synergistic effect of molybdenum, cobalt, and K contents. The catalyst containing 5 wt% molybdenum shows a lowering of carbon oxidation by about 190°C under loose contact conditions as compared to the non-catalyzed reaction, as well as to bare alumina. Characterization studies suggest a composite nature of these materials, while thermal stability investigations confirm the stable nature. The selected catalyst has been studied by XPS, however, it is difficult to conclude which are the important factors contributing to the catalytic activity. It appears to be a synergistic effect of Co, K, and Mo components as these catalysts show much improved activity as compared to the individual components in supported and unsupported forms.

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Issues on soot removal from exhaust gases by means of radial flow ceramic traps

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) Light-Duty Inter-Laboratory Exercise: Repeatability and Reproducibility of the Particle Number Method

Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) Light-Duty Inter-Laboratory Exercise: Repeatability and Reproducibility of the Particle Number Method

Structured Catalysts for Soot Combustion for Diesel Engines

Alumina Supported Co–K–Mo Based Catalytic Material for Diesel Soot Oxidation

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